University
![Graduation ceremony](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Oxfordceremony.jpg)
The first universities in Europe were established by Catholic monks. The University of Bologna (), Italy, which was founded in 1088, is the first university in the sense of: *being a high degree-awarding institute. *using the word (which was coined at its foundation). *having independence from the ecclesiastic schools and issuing secular as well as non-secular degrees (with teaching conducted by both clergy and non-clergy): grammar, rhetoric, logic, theology, canon law, notarial law. Provided by Wikipedia
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128by Gaertner, Kateryna (Tampere University), Michell, Craig (University of Eastern Finland), Tapanainen, Riikka (University of Eastern Finland), Goffart, Steffi (University of Eastern Finland), Saari, Sina (Tampere University), Soininmäki, Manu (Tampere University), Dufour, Eric (Tampere University), Pohjoismäki, Jaakko (University of Eastern Finland)Get access
Published 2022
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129by Gaertner, Kateryna,Tampere University, Michell, Craig,University of Eastern Finland, Tapanainen, Riikka,University of Eastern Finland, Goffart, Steffi,University of Eastern Finland, Saari, Sina,Tampere University, Soininmäki, Manu,Tampere University, Dufour, Eric,Tampere University, Pohjoismäki, Jaakko,University of Eastern FinlandGet access
Published 2022
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140by Niko Wanders (Utrecht University), Joyce Bosmans (Radboud University), Valerio Barbarossa (Leiden University)Contributors: “...Niko Wanders (Utrecht University)...”
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