United Kingdom
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In 1707, the Kingdom of England (which included Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland united under the Treaty of Union to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Acts of Union 1800 incorporated the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801. Most of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922 as the Irish Free State, and the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 created the present name.
The UK became the first industrialised country and was the world's foremost power for the majority of the 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly during the "Pax Britannica" between 1815 and 1914. At its height in the 1920s, the British Empire encompassed almost a quarter of the world's landmass and population, and was the largest empire in history. However, its involvement in the First World War and the Second World War damaged Britain's economic power and a global wave of decolonisation led to the independence of most British colonies. British influence can be observed in the legal and political systems of many of its former colonies, and British culture remains globally influential, particularly in language, literature, music and sport. English is the world's most widely spoken language and the third-most spoken native language.
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.}} The UK has three distinct jurisdictions; England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Since 1999, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own governments and parliaments which control various devolved matters. The capital and largest city of the United Kingdom (as well as the capital of England) is London, with its wider metropolitan area being the largest in Western Europe, with a population of 14.9 million. The cities of Edinburgh, Cardiff, and Belfast are the national capitals of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, respectively. Other major cities include Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Bristol, Liverpool, Sheffield, Newcastle and Leeds.
The UK is a developed country and has the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). It is a recognised nuclear state, and is ranked fourth globally in military expenditure. The UK has been a permanent member of the UN Security Council since its first session in 1946. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, Council of Europe, G7, OECD, NATO, Five Eyes, AUKUS and CPTPP. Provided by Wikipedia
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481by Crotti, Ilaria, Landais, Amaelle, Stenni, Barbara, Bazin, Lucie, Parrenin, Frédéric, Frezzotti, Massimo, Ritterbusch, Florian, Lu, Zheng-Tian, Jiang, Wei, Yang, Guo-Min, Fourré, Elise, Orsi, Anais, Jacob, Roxanne, Minster, Bénédicte, Prié, Frédéric, Dreossi, Giuliano, Barbante, CarloContributors: “..., Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Primary logistical support was provided by PNRA at Talos Dome...”
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2021)
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482by Crotti, Ilaria, Landais, Amaelle, Stenni, Barbara, Bazin, Lucie, Parrenin, Frédéric, Frezzotti, Massimo, Ritterbusch, Florian, Lu, Zheng-Tian, Jiang, Wei, Yang, Guo-Min, Fourré, Elise, Orsi, Anais, Jacob, Roxanne, Minster, Bénédicte, Prié, Frédéric, Dreossi, Giuliano, Barbante, CarloContributors: “..., Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Primary logistical support was provided by PNRA at Talos Dome...”
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2021)
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483by Crotti, Ilaria, Landais, Amaelle, Stenni, Barbara, Bazin, Lucie, Parrenin, Frédéric, Frezzotti, Massimo, Ritterbusch, Florian, Lu, Zheng-Tian, Jiang, Wei, Yang, Guo-Min, Fourré, Elise, Orsi, Anais, Jacob, Roxanne, Minster, Bénédicte, Prié, Frédéric, Dreossi, Giuliano, Barbante, CarloContributors: “..., Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Primary logistical support was provided by PNRA at Talos Dome...”
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2021)
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484Forecasting the northern African dust outbreak towards Europe in April 2011: a model intercomparisonby Huneeus, N, Basart, S, Fiedler, S, Morcrette, J.-J, Benedetti, A, Mulcahy, J, Terradellas, E, Garcia-Pando, C. Pérez, Pejanovic, G., Nickovic, S., Arsenovic, P., Schulz, M, Cuevas, E., Baldasano, J. M., Pey, J., Remy, S., Cvetkovic, B.Contributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2016)
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485by Flack, David L. A., Rivière, Gwendal, Musat, Ionela, Roehrig, Romain, Bony, Sandrine, Delanoë, Julien, Cazenave, Quitterie, Pelon, JacquesContributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published in Weather and Climate Dynamics (2021)
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486by European Commission, BrusselsContributors: “...TNS UK, London, United Kingdom...”
Published 2015
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487by European Commission, Brussels DG Communication COMM A1 ´Research and Speechwriting´Contributors: “...TNS UK, London, United Kingdom...”
Published 2013
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488by European Commission, BrusselsContributors: “...TNS UK, London, United Kingdom...”
Published 2016
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489by European Commission, BrusselsContributors: “...TNS UK, London, United Kingdom...”
Published 2014
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490by European Commission, BrusselsContributors: “...TNS UK, London, United Kingdom...”
Published 2014
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491by Hammerschmid, GerhardContributors: “...United Kingdom: Rhys Andres, James Downe, Cardiff University...”
Published 2015
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492by Hammerschmid, GerhardContributors: “...United Kingdom: Rhys Andres, James Downe, Cardiff University...”
Published 2015
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493by European Commission, BrusselsContributors: “...TNS UK, London, United Kingdom...”
Published 2018
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494by European Commission, BrusselsContributors: “...TNS UK, London, United Kingdom...”
Published 2014
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495by European CommissionContributors: “...TNS UK, London, United Kingdom...”
Published 2014
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496by European Commission, BrusselsContributors: “...TNS UK, London, United Kingdom...”
Published 2015
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497Genetic and morphological divergence in the warm-water planktonic foraminifera genus Globigerinoidesby Morard, Raphael, Füllberg, Angelina, Brummer, Geert-Jan, Greco, Mattia, Jonkers, Lukas, Wizemann, André, Weiner, Agnes, Darling, Kate, Siccha, Michael, Ledevin, Ronan, Kitazato, Hiroshi, de Garidel-Thoron, Thibault, de Vargas, Colomban, Kucera, MichalContributors: “...Natural Environment Research Council of the United Kingdom (NER/J/S2000/00860 and NE/D009707/1...”
Published in PLOS ONE (2019)
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498Genetic and morphological divergence in the warm-water planktonic foraminifera genus Globigerinoidesby Morard, Raphael, Füllberg, Angelina, Brummer, Geert-Jan, Greco, Mattia, Jonkers, Lukas, Wizemann, André, Weiner, Agnes, Darling, Kate, Siccha, Michael, Ledevin, Ronan, Kitazato, Hiroshi, De Garidel-Thoron, Thibault, de Vargas, Colomban, Kucera, MichalContributors: “...Natural Environment Research Council of the United Kingdom (NER/J/S2000/00860 and NE/D009707/1...”
Published in PLOS ONE (2019)
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499by Smith, Stephen A., Baker, William J., Antonelli, Alexandre, Eiserhardt, Wolf L., Tietje, Melanie, Govaerts, RafaëlContributors: “...-0196" },{"funder_name":"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, United Kingdom","funder_doi":"http://dx.doi.org...”
Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2022)
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500by Hauser, Danièle, Abdalla, Saleh, Ardhuin, Fabrice, Bidlot, Jean-Raymond, Bourassa, Mark, Cotton, David, Gommenginger, Christine, Evers-King, Hayley, Johnsen, Harald, Knaff, John, Lavender, Samantha, Mouche, Alexis, Reul, Nicolas, Sampson, Charles, Steele, Edward, Stoffelen, AdContributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published in Surveys in Geophysics (2023)
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