United Kingdom
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In 1707, the Kingdom of England (which included Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland united under the Treaty of Union to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Acts of Union 1800 incorporated the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801. Most of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922 as the Irish Free State, and the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 created the present name.
The UK became the first industrialised country and was the world's foremost power for the majority of the 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly during the "Pax Britannica" between 1815 and 1914. At its height in the 1920s, the British Empire encompassed almost a quarter of the world's landmass and population, and was the largest empire in history. However, its involvement in the First World War and the Second World War damaged Britain's economic power and a global wave of decolonisation led to the independence of most British colonies. British influence can be observed in the legal and political systems of many of its former colonies, and British culture remains globally influential, particularly in language, literature, music and sport. English is the world's most widely spoken language and the third-most spoken native language.
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy.}} The UK has three distinct jurisdictions; England and Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Since 1999, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have their own governments and parliaments which control various devolved matters. The capital and largest city of the United Kingdom (as well as the capital of England) is London, with its wider metropolitan area being the largest in Western Europe, with a population of 14.9 million. The cities of Edinburgh, Cardiff, and Belfast are the national capitals of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, respectively. Other major cities include Birmingham, Manchester, Glasgow, Bristol, Liverpool, Sheffield, Newcastle and Leeds.
The UK is a developed country and has the world's sixth-largest economy by nominal gross domestic product (GDP). It is a recognised nuclear state, and is ranked fourth globally in military expenditure. The UK has been a permanent member of the UN Security Council since its first session in 1946. It is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, Council of Europe, G7, OECD, NATO, Five Eyes, AUKUS and CPTPP. Provided by Wikipedia
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181Contributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
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182Contributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
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183by Spogli, L., Alfonsi, Lu., De Franceschi, G., Romano, V., Aquino, M.H.O., Dodson, A.Contributors: “... Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom...”
Published in GPS Solutions (2009)
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184Contributors: “...The Castlegate Consultancy United Kingdom...”
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185Contributors: “...The Castlegate Consultancy United Kingdom...”
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186by Cahen-Fourot, Louison, Campiglio, Emanuele, Daumas, Louis, Miess, Michael, Yardley, AndrewContributors: “...LSE Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, United Kingdom...”
Published in Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization (2023)
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187by Villanueva, Roger, Laptikhovsky, Vladimir V., Piertney, Stuart B., Fernández-Álvarez, Fernando Ángel, Collins, Martin A., Ablett, Jonathan D., Escánez, AlejandroContributors: “...Government of the United Kingdom...”
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2020)
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188by Selim, Omar, Gowree, Erwin Ricky, Lagemann, Christian, Talboys, Edward, Jagadeesh, Chetan, Brücker, ChristophContributors: “...University of London (UNITED KINGDOM)...”
Published in AIAA Journal (2021)
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189by Genevier, Lily G C, Jamil, Tahira, Raitsos, Dionysios E, Krokos, George, Hoteit, IbrahimContributors: “...Remote Sensing Group, Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, The Hoe, PL1 3DH, United Kingdom....”
Published in Global Change Biology (2019)
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190by Daniels, Chris J., Poulton, Alex J., Balch, William M., Marañon, Emilio, Bowler, Bruce C., Cermeño, Pedro, Charalampopoulou, Anastasia, Crawford, David W., Drapeau, Dave, Feng, Yuanyuan, Fernández, Ana, Fernández, Emilio, Fragoso, Glaucia M., González, Natalia, Graziano, Lisa M., Heslop, Rachel, Holligan, Patrick M., Hopkins, Jason, Huete-Ortega, María, Hutchins, David A., Lam, Phoebe J., Lipsen, Michael S., López-Sandoval, Daffne C., Loucaides, Socratis, Marchetti, Adrian, Mayers, Kyle M. J., Rees, Andrew P., Sobrino, Cristina, Tynan, Eithne, Tyrrell, TobyContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, SO14 3ZH, , United Kingdom...”
Published in Earth System Science Data (2018)
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191by Wurzler, S., Bruckmann, P., Friesel, J., Geiger, J., Hebbinghaus, H., Straub, W., Gladtke, D., Pfeffer, U., Kuhlbusch, T., Lumpp, R., Heupel Santos, S., Memmesheimer, Michael, Jakobs, Hermann, Friese, E., Nieradzik, L., Elbern, H., Klugmann, D., Gilge, S., Favez, Olivier, Colette, Augustin, Chiappini, LauraContributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published 2012
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192by Wurzler, S., Bruckmann, P., Friesel, J., Geiger, J., Hebbinghaus, H., Straub, W., Gladtke, D., Pfeffer, U., Kuhlbusch, T., Lumpp, R., Heupel Santos, S., Memmesheimer, Michael, Jakobs, Hermann, Friese, E., Nieradzik, L., Elbern, H., Klugmann, D., Gilge, S., Favez, Olivier, Colette, Augustin, Chiappini, LauraContributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published 2012
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193by Akpiri, Rachael Ununuma, Konya, Rosline Sonayee, Hodges, Nikolas JohnContributors: “...-2014-430), United Kingdom Environmental Mutagenesis Society (UKEMS) small grant for early career...”
Published in Journal of Marine Science (2019)
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194by Villanueva, Roger, Laptikhovsky, Vladimir L., Piertney, Stuart B., Fernández-Álvarez, Fernando Ángel, Collins, Martin A., Ablett, Jonathan D., Escánez Pérez, AlejandroContributors: “...Government of the United Kingdom...”
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2020)
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195by Wurzler, S., Bruckmann, P., Friesel, J., Geiger, J., Hebbinghaus, H., Straub, W., Gladtke, D., Pfeffer, U., Kuhlbusch, T., Lumpp, R., Heupel Santos, S., Memmesheimer, Michael, Jakobs, Hermann, Friese, E., Nieradzik, L., Elbern, H., Klugmann, D., Gilge, S., Favez, Olivier, Colette, Augustin, Chiappini, LauraContributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
Published 2012
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196by Murphy, Sinéad, Petitguyot, Marie, Jepson, Paul, Deaville, Rob, Lockyer, Christina, Barnett, James, Perkins, Matthew, Penrose, Rod, Davison, Nicholas, Minto, CóilínContributors: “...Zoological Society of London - ZSL (UNITED KINGDOM)...”
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2020)
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197by Collins, M., Botzet, M., Carril, A. F., Drange, H., Jouzeau, A., Latif, M., Masina, S., Otteraa, O. H., Pohlmann, H., Sorteberg, A., Sutton, R., Terray, L.Contributors: “...Collins, M.; Hadley Centre, Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom...”
Published in Journal of Climate (2006)
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198by Pitout, F., Blelly, P.-L., Alcaydé, D.Contributors: “...), Japan (NIPR and STEL), Norway (NFR), Sweden (VR), and the United Kingdom (STFC)...”
Published in Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics (2013)
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199Contributors: “...United Kingdom Met Office Exeter...”
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200by Lydsdottir, Linda B, Howard, Louise M, Olafsdottir, Halldora, Thome, Marga, Tyrfingsson, Petur, Sigurdsson, Jon FridrikContributors: “...'s College, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, London, United Kingdom. 3 Faculty of Medicine...”
Published in Midwifery (2019)
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