Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's population of 9 million are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Basel.Switzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages, following a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Switzerland has maintained a policy of armed neutrality since the 16th century and has not fought an international war since 1815. It joined the United Nations only in 2002 but pursues an active foreign policy that includes frequent involvement in peace building.
Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross and hosts the headquarters or offices of most major international institutions, including the WTO, the WHO, the ILO, FIFA, the WEF, and the UN. It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), but not part of the European Union (EU), the European Economic Area, or the eurozone; however, it participates in the European single market and the Schengen Area. Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern.
Switzerland is one of the world's most developed countries, with the highest nominal wealth per adult and the eighth-highest gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Switzerland performs highly on several international metrics, including economic competitiveness and democratic governance. Cities such as Zurich, Geneva and Basel rank among the highest in terms of quality of life, albeit with some of the highest costs of living. Switzerland holds an international reputation for its established banking sector, alongside its distinctive recognition for their watchmaking and chocolate production.
It has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy, and Alpine symbolism. Swiss identity transcends language, ethnicity, and religion, leading to Switzerland being described as a ("nation of volition") rather than a nation state. Provided by Wikipedia
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81by Margvelashvili, Ann, Zollikofer, Christoph P.E., Lordkipanidze, David, Tafforeau, Paul, Ponce de León, Marcia S.Contributors: “... Eastern Europe and Switzerland]...”
Published in American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2016)
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82by Collignon, Marine, Pioli, Laura, Trippanera, Daniele, Carrier, Aurore, Lupi, MatteoContributors: “...Department of Earth Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (2023)
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83by Wedekind, C., Immler, F., Mielke, B., Rairoux, P., Stein, B., Woste, L., Del Guasta, M., Morandi, M., Stefanutti, L., Masci, F., Rizi, V., Matthey, R., Mitev, V., Douard, M., Wolf, J. P., Kyro, E.Contributors: “...Matthey, R.; Observatoire Cantonal Neuchatel, Switzerland...”
Published 1996
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84Contributors: “...University of Bern, Switzerland...”
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85by Handa, I. Tanya, Aerts, Rien, Berendse, Frank, Berg, Matty P., Bruder, Andreas, Butenschoen, Olaf, Chauvet, Eric, Gessner, Mark O., Jabiol, Jérémy, Makkonen, Marika, McKie, Brendan G., Malmqvist, Björn, Peeters, Edwin T.H.M., Scheu, Stefan, Schmid, Bernhard, Van Ruijven, Jasper, Vos, Veronique C. A., Hättenschwiler, StephanContributors: “...Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology - EAWAG (SWITZERLAND)...”
Published in Nature (2014)
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86by Wedekind, C., Immler, F., Mielke, B., Rairoux, P., Stein, B., Woste, L., Del Guasta, M., Morandi, M., Stefanutti, L., Masci, F., Rizi, V., Matthey, R., Mitev, V., Douard, M., Wolf, J. P., Kyro, E.Contributors: “...Matthey, R.; Observatoire Cantonal Neuchatel (Switzerland)...”
Published 1995
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87Contributors: “...Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland...”
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88by Zhu, D., Peng, S., Ciais, P., Zech, R., Krinner, G., Zimov, S., Grosse, G.Contributors: “...Univ Bern, Geog Inst, Bern, Switzerland....”
Published in Geophysical Research Letters (2016)
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89by Bonadonna, C., Genco, R., Gouhier, M., Pistolesi, M., Cioni, R., Alfano, F., Hoskuldsson, A., Ripepe, M.Contributors: “..., Switzerland...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research (2011)
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90by Woessner, J., Jonsson, Sigurjon, Sudhaus, H., Baumann, C.Contributors: “...Swiss Seismological Service, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (2012)
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91by Lehsten, Veiko, Wiik, Lars, Hannukkala, Asko, Andreasson, Erik, Chen, Deliang, Ou, Tinghai, Liljeroth, Erland, Lankinen, Åsa, Grenville-Briggs, LauraContributors: “...Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Switzerland...”
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92by Metzger, Sabrina, Jonsson, Sigurjon, Geirsson, HalldórContributors: “...Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland...”
Published in Geophysical Journal International (2011)
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93by Messaoud, Jihede Haj, Thibault, Nicolas, Bomou, Brahimsamba, Adatte, Thierry, Monkenbusch, Johannes, Spangenberg, Jorge E., Aljahdali, Mohammed H., Yaich, ChokriContributors: “...Institute of Earth Sciences (ISTE), University of Lausanne, Geopolis, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland...”
Published in Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology (2021)
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94by Geissler, Laura, Meunier, Valentine, Rädecker, Nils, Perna, Gabriela, Rodolfo-Metalpa, Riccardo, Houlbrèque, Fanny, Voolstra, Christian R.Contributors: “..., École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland...”
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2021)
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95by Grimardias, David, Merchermek, Nacira, Manicki, Aurélie, Garnier, J., Gaudin, Philippe, Jarry, Marc, Beall, EdwardContributors: “...University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland (HES-SO)...”
Published in Ecology of Freshwater Fish (2010)
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96by Grimardias, David, Merchermek, Nacira, Manicki, Aurélie, Garnier, J., Gaudin, Philippe, Jarry, Marc, Beall, EdwardContributors: “...University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland (HES-SO)...”
Published in Ecology of Freshwater Fish (2010)
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97by Grimardias, David, Merchermek, Nacira, Manicki, Aurélie, Garnier, J., Gaudin, Philippe, Jarry, Marc, Beall, EdwardContributors: “...University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland (HES-SO)...”
Published in Ecology of Freshwater Fish (2010)
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98by Metzger, S., Jonsson, Sigurjon, Danielsen, G., Hreinsdottir, S., Jouanne, F., Giardini, D., Villemin, T.Contributors: “...Institute of Geophysics, ETH Zürich, Sonneggstrasse 5, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland...”
Published in Geophysical Journal International (2012)
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99by Lupi, Matteo, Collignon, Marine, Fischanger, Federico, Carrier, Aurore, Trippanera, Daniele, Pioli, LauraContributors: “...Department of Earth Sciences University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (2022)
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100by Humann‑guilleminot, Ségolène, Blévin, Pierre, Azou‑barré, Antonin, Yacoumas, Agathe, Gabrielsen, Geir W, Chastel, Olivier, Helfenstein, FabriceContributors: “...Institute of Biology Switzerland...”
Published in Avian Research (2018)
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