Sunderland
![The areas that are now Sunderland were once part of the Brythonic [[Hen Ogledd](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/46/Northumbria.rise.600.700.jpg)
The centre of the modern city is an amalgamation of three settlements founded in the Anglo-Saxon era: Monkwearmouth, on the north bank of the Wear, and Sunderland and Bishopwearmouth on the south bank. Monkwearmouth contains St Peter's Church, which was founded in 674 and formed part of Monkwearmouth–Jarrow Abbey, a significant centre of learning in the seventh and eighth centuries. Sunderland was a fishing settlement and later a port, being granted a town charter in 1179. The city traded in coal and salt, also developing shipbuilding industry in the fourteenth century and glassmaking industry in the seventeenth century. Following the decline of its traditional industries in the late 20th century, the area became an automotive building centre. In 1992, the borough of Sunderland was granted city status. Sunderland is historically part of County Durham, being incorporated to the ceremonial county of Tyne and Wear in 1974.
Locals are sometimes known as Mackems, a term which came into common use in the 1970s. Its use and acceptance by residents, particularly among the older generations, is not universal. The term is also applied to the Sunderland dialect, which shares similarities with the other North East England dialects. Provided by Wikipedia
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81by Hu, Xindi C., Dassuncao, Clifton, Zhang, Xianming, Grandjean, Philippe, Weihe, Pál, Webster, Glenys M., Nielsen, Flemming, Sunderland, Elsie M.Get access
Published in Environmental Health (2018)
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82by Xindi C. Hu, Clifton Dassuncao, Xianming Zhang, Philippe Grandjean, Pál Weihe, Glenys M. Webster, Flemming Nielsen, Elsie M. SunderlandGet access
Published in Environmental Health (2018)
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83Music as a determinant of health among First Nations people in Australia: A scoping narrative reviewby Scarfe, Brigitta, Apps, Kristy, Sunderland, Naomi, Graham, Phil, Bartleet, Brydie‐Leigh, Barry, Glenn, Garvey, Darren, Cooper, Rae, Bracknell, ClintGet access
Published in Health Promotion Journal of Australia (2024)
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84by Hu, Xindi C, Dassuncao, Clifton, Zhang, Xianming, Grandjean, Philippe, Weihe, Pál, Webster, Glenys M, Nielsen, Flemming, Sunderland, Elsie MGet access
Published in Environmental Health (2018)
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85by Soerensen A. L., Jacob D. J., Streets D., Witt M., Ebinghaus R., Mason R. P., Andersson M., Sunderland E. M.Get access
Published in E3S Web of Conferences (2013)
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86by Soerensen A. L., Jacob D. J., Streets D., Witt M., Ebinghaus R., Mason R. P., Andersson M., Sunderland E. M.Get access
Published in E3S Web of Conferences (2013)
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88by Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric, Cossa, Daniel, Rijkenberg, M. J. A., Sarthou, Géraldine, Loeff, Michiel, Sunderland, E. M., Sonke, Jeroen E.Get access
Published 2016
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89by Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric, Cossa, Daniel, Rijkenberg, M. J. A., Sarthou, Géraldine, Loeff, Michiel, Sunderland, E. M., Sonke, Jeroen E.Get access
Published 2016
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90by Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric, Cossa, Daniel, Rijkenberg, M. J. A., Sarthou, Géraldine, Loeff, Michiel, Sunderland, E. M., Sonke, Jeroen E.Get access
Published 2016
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91by Sunderland, Naomi, Graham, Phil, Bartleet, Brydie-Leigh, Garvey, Darren, Bracknell, Clint, Apps, Kristy, Barry, Glenn, Cooper, Rae, Scarfe, Brigitta, Vervoort, StaceyGet access
Published in Health Promotion International (2023)
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92by Sunderland, Naomi, Graham, Phil, Bartleet, Brydie-Leigh, Garvey, Darren, Bracknell, Clint, Apps, Kristy, Barry, Glenn, Cooper, Rae, Scarfe, Brigitta, Vervoort, StaceyGet access
Published in Health Promotion International (2023)
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93by Li, Miling, Schartup, Amina T., Valberg, Amelia P., Ewald, Jessica D., Krabbenhoft, David P., Yin, Runsheng, Balcom, Prentiss H., Sunderland, Elsie M.Get access
Published in Environmental Science & Technology (2016)
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94by Heimbürger, Lars-Eric, Cossa, Daniel, Rijkenberg, M. J. A., Sarthou, G., Rutgers v. d. Loeff, Michiel, Sunderland, E.M., Sonke, Jeroen E.Get access
Published 2016
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95by Soerensen, Anne Laerke, Jacob, Daniel J., Streets, David G., Witt, Melanie L. I., Ebinghaus, Ralf, Mason, Robert P., Andersson, Maria, Sunderland, Elsie M.Get access
Published in Geophysical Research Letters (2012)
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96by SOERENSEN, Anne, JACOB, Daniel, SCHARTUP, Amina, FISHER, Jenny, LEHNHERR, Igor, ST. LOUIS, Vincent, HEIMBÜRGER-BOAVIDA, Lars-Eric, SONKE, Jeroen, KRABBENHOFT, David, SUNDERLAND, ElsieGet access
Published 2016
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97by SOERENSEN, Anne, JACOB, Daniel, SCHARTUP, Amina, FISHER, Jenny, LEHNHERR, Igor, ST. LOUIS, Vincent, HEIMBÜRGER-BOAVIDA, Lars-Eric, SONKE, Jeroen, KRABBENHOFT, David, SUNDERLAND, ElsieGet access
Published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2016)
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98by Soerensen, Anne, Jacob, Daniel, Schartup, Amina, Fisher, Jenny, Lehnherr, Igor, St. Louis, Vincent, Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric, Sonke, Jeroen, Krabbenhoft, David, Sunderland, ElsieGet access
Published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2016)
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99by Soerensen, Anne, Jacob, Daniel, Schartup, Amina, Fisher, Jenny, Lehnherr, Igor, St. Louis, Vincent, Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric, Sonke, Jeroen, Krabbenhoft, David, Sunderland, ElsieGet access
Published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2016)
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100by Soerensen, A.L., Jacob, D.J., Streets, D.G., Witt, M.L.I., Ebinghaus, R., Mason, R.P., Andersson, M., Sunderland, E.M.Get access
Published in Geophysical Research Letters (2012)
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