Rock (geology)
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In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the liquid outer core and pockets of magma in the asthenosphere. The study of rocks involves multiple subdisciplines of geology, including petrology and mineralogy. It may be limited to rocks found on Earth, or it may include planetary geology that studies the rocks of other celestial objects.
Rocks are usually grouped into three main groups: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools in the Earth's crust, or lava cools on the ground surface or the seabed. Sedimentary rocks are formed by diagenesis and lithification of sediments, which in turn are formed by the weathering, transport, and deposition of existing rocks. Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are subjected to such high pressures and temperatures that they are transformed without significant melting.
Humanity has made use of rocks since the earliest humans. This early period, called the Stone Age, saw the development of many stone tools. Stone was then used as a major component in the construction of buildings and early infrastructure. Mining developed to extract rocks from the Earth and obtain the minerals within them, including metals. Modern technology has allowed the development of new human-made rocks and rock-like substances, such as concrete. Provided by Wikipedia
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1683by Hyun Bong Park, Nguyen Quoc Tuan, Joonseok Oh, Younglim Son, Mark T. Hamann, Robert Stone, Michelle Kelly, Sangtaek Oh, MinKyun NaGet access
Published in Marine Drugs (2018)
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1684by Park, Hyun Bong, Tuan, Nguyen Quoc, Oh, Joonseok, Son, Younglim, Hamann, Mark T., Stone, Robert, Kelly, Michelle, Oh, Sangtaek, Na, MinKyunGet access
Published in Marine Drugs (2018)
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1685by Wehner, Michael, Stone, Dáithí, Mitchell, Dann, Shiogama, Hideo, Fischer, Erich, Graff, Lise S, Kharin, Viatcheslav V, Lierhammer, Ludwig, Sanderson, Benjamin, Krishnan, HarinarayanGet access
Published 2017
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1688by Hyun Bong Park, Nguyen Quoc Tuan, Joonseok Oh, Younglim Son, Mark T. Hamann, Robert Stone, Michelle Kelly, Sangtaek Oh, MinKyun NaGet access
Published in Marine Drugs (2018)
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1689by Wehner, Michael, Stone, Dáithí, Mitchell, Dann, Shiogama, Hideo, Fischer, Erich, Graff, Lise S., Kharin, Viatcheslav V., Lierhammer, Ludwig, Sanderson, Benjamin, Krishnan, HarinarayanGet access
Published 2018
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1690by Sullivan, M., Reid, S.W.J., Ternent, H., Manchester, N.J., Roberts, R.J., Stone, D.A.J., Hardy, R.W.Get access
Published in Journal of Fish Diseases (2007)
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1691by Kokhanovsky, A., Brell, M., Segl, K., Bianchini, G., Lanconelli, C., Lupi, A., Petkov, B., Picard, G., Arnaud, L., Stone, R., Chabrillat, S.Get access
Published in Remote Sensing (2023)
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1692by Slemmons, Krista EH, Medford, Aaron, Hall, Brenda L, Stone, Jeffery R, McGowan, Suzanne, Lowell, Thomas, Kelly, Meredith, Saros, Jasmine EGet access
Published in The Holocene (2016)
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1694by Griffiths, Robert I., Thomson, Bruce C., Plassart, Pierre, Gweon, Hyun S., Stone, Dorothy, Creamer, Rachael E., Lemanceau, Philippe, P., Bailey, Mark J.Get access
Published in Applied Soil Ecology (2016)
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1695by Rasmussen, Kristin, Palacios, Daniel, Calambokidis, John, Saborío, Marco Tulio, Dalla Rosa, Luciano, Secchi, Eduardo Resende, Steiger, Gretchen, Allen, Judith, Stone, GregoryGet access
Published in Biology Letters (2007)
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1696by Lickley, Megan, Solomon, Susan, Fletcher, Sarah, Velders, G.J.M., Daniel, J.S., Rigby, Matthew, Montzka, S.A., Kuijpers, Lambert, Stone, KaneGet access
Published 2020
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1697by Wehner, Michael, Stone, Dáithí, Mitchell, Dann, Shiogama, Hideo, Fischer, Erich, Graff, Lise S., Kharin, Viatcheslav V., Lierhammer, Ludwig, Sanderson, Benjamin, Krishnan, HarinarayanGet access
Published in Earth System Dynamics (2018)
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1698by Ferguson, A., Taggart, J. B., Prodöhl, P. A., McMeel, O., Thompson, C., Stone, C., McGinnity, P., Hynes, R. A.Get access
Published in Journal of Fish Biology (1995)
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1699by Hillebrand, T. R., Stone, John O., Koutnik, M. R., King, Courtney, Conway, Howard, Hall, Brenda, Nichols, Keir, Goehring, B, Gillespie, Mette KuskGet access
Published in The Cryosphere (2021)
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1700by Wehner, Michael, Stone, Dáithí, Mitchell, Dann, Shiogama, Hideo, Fischer, Erich, Graff, Lise S, Kharin, Viatcheslav V, Lierhammer, Ludwig, Sanderson, Benjamin, Krishnan, HarinarayanGet access
Published 2018
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