Rock (geology)
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In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the liquid outer core and pockets of magma in the asthenosphere. The study of rocks involves multiple subdisciplines of geology, including petrology and mineralogy. It may be limited to rocks found on Earth, or it may include planetary geology that studies the rocks of other celestial objects.
Rocks are usually grouped into three main groups: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools in the Earth's crust, or lava cools on the ground surface or the seabed. Sedimentary rocks are formed by diagenesis and lithification of sediments, which in turn are formed by the weathering, transport, and deposition of existing rocks. Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are subjected to such high pressures and temperatures that they are transformed without significant melting.
Humanity has made use of rocks since the earliest humans. This early period, called the Stone Age, saw the development of many stone tools. Stone was then used as a major component in the construction of buildings and early infrastructure. Mining developed to extract rocks from the Earth and obtain the minerals within them, including metals. Modern technology has allowed the development of new human-made rocks and rock-like substances, such as concrete. Provided by Wikipedia
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1481by Patricia Moscibrodzki, Molly Dobelle, Jessie Stone, Charles Kalumuna, Yueh-Hsiu Mathilda Chiu, Nils HennigGet access
Published in Malaria Journal (2018)
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1482by Andreou, D., Gozlan, R.E., Stone, D., Martin, P., Bateman, K., Feist, S.W.Get access
Published in Diseases of Aquatic Organisms (2011)
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1486by Stone, Kane A, Solomon, Susan, Thompson, David WJ, Kinnison, Douglas E, Fyfe, John CGet access
Published 2023
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1487by Barcikowska, M., Weaver, S., Feser, F., Russo, S., Schenk, F., Stone, D., Wehner, M., Zahn, M.Get access
Published in Earth System Dynamics (2018)
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1488by Sugden, David E., Balco, Greg, Cowdery, Seth G., Stone, John O., Sass, Louis C.Get access
Published in Geomorphology (2005)
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1489by BALLANTYNE, COLIN K., McCARROLL, DANNY, NESJE, ATLE, DAHL, SVEIN OLAF, STONE, JOHN O.Get access
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (1998)
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1492by Stone, David W., Gunn, Carrie, Nord, Andreas, Phillips, Richard A., McCafferty, Dominic J.Get access
Published in Journal of Thermal Biology (2021)
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1493by Stone, David W., Gunn, Carrie, Nord, Andreas, Phillips, Richard A., McCafferty, Dominic J.Get access
Published in Journal of Thermal Biology (2021)
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1494by Haswell, Peter M., Shepherd, Elizabeth A., Stone, Suzanne A., Purcell, Brad, Hayward, Matt W.Get access
Published in Journal for Nature Conservation (2019)
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1495by Luke Stone, Courtenay Strong, Husile Bai, Thomas Reichler, Greg McCabe, Paul D. BrooksGet access
Published in npj Climate and Atmospheric Science (2023)
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1496by Stone, R., Anderson, G., Andrews, E., Dutton, E., Harris, J., Shettle, E., Berk, A.Get access
Published in IEEE Workshop on Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Aerosols, 2005. (2005)
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1498by Koposov, Roman, Isaksson, Johan, Vermeiren, Robert, Schwab-Stone, Mary, Stickley, Andrew, Ruchkin, Vladislav V.Get access
Published in Frontiers in Public Health (2021)
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1500by Stone, David W., Gunn, Carrie, Nord, Andreas, Phillips, Richard A., McCafferty, Dominic J.Get access
Published in Journal of Thermal Biology (2021)
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