Rock (geology)
![The [[Grand Canyon](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Marsh_Butte_and_Geikie_Peak%2C_Grand_Canyon.jpg)
In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the liquid outer core and pockets of magma in the asthenosphere. The study of rocks involves multiple subdisciplines of geology, including petrology and mineralogy. It may be limited to rocks found on Earth, or it may include planetary geology that studies the rocks of other celestial objects.
Rocks are usually grouped into three main groups: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. Igneous rocks are formed when magma cools in the Earth's crust, or lava cools on the ground surface or the seabed. Sedimentary rocks are formed by diagenesis and lithification of sediments, which in turn are formed by the weathering, transport, and deposition of existing rocks. Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are subjected to such high pressures and temperatures that they are transformed without significant melting.
Humanity has made use of rocks since the earliest humans. This early period, called the Stone Age, saw the development of many stone tools. Stone was then used as a major component in the construction of buildings and early infrastructure. Mining developed to extract rocks from the Earth and obtain the minerals within them, including metals. Modern technology has allowed the development of new human-made rocks and rock-like substances, such as concrete. Provided by Wikipedia
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1363by Randee J Kastner, Christopher M Stone, Peter Steinmann, Marcel Tanner, Fabrizio TediosiGet access
Published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2015)
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1364by Chris M Stone, Samantha R Schwab, Dina M Fonseca, Nina H FeffermanGet access
Published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2019)
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1367by Lunt, Daniel J., Haywood, Alan M., Foster, Gavin L., Stone, Emma J.Get access
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2009)
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1369by Borza, Tudor, Stone, Cynthia, Rise, Matthew L., Bowman, Sharen, Johnson, Stewart C.Get access
Published in Developmental & Comparative Immunology (2010)
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1375by White, Warren B., Chen, Shyh-Chin, Allan, Rob J., Stone, Roger C.Get access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2002)
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1376by White, Warren B., Chen, Shyh-Chin, Allan, Rob J., Stone, Roger C.Get access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2002)
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1377Contributors: “...Stone SA, Fascione N, Schrader G, Weiss A, Sneed P, Musiani M....”
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1379by Melanson, P. M., Meglis, I.L., Jordaan, I.J., Stone, B. M.Get access
Published in Journal of Glaciology (1999)
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1380by Wartzok, Douglas, Elsner, Robert, Stone, Henry, Kelly, Brendan P., Davis, Randall W.Get access
Published in Canadian Journal of Zoology (1992)
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