Sand
Sand is a granular material composed of finely divided mineral particles. Sand has various compositions but is defined by its grain size. Sand grains are smaller than gravel and coarser than silt. Sand can also refer to a textural class of soil or soil type; i.e., a soil containing more than 85 percent sand-sized particles by mass.The composition of sand varies, depending on the local rock sources and conditions, but the most common constituent of sand in inland continental settings and non-tropical coastal settings is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz.
Calcium carbonate is the second most common type of sand, for example, aragonite, which has mostly been created, over the past 500million years, by various forms of life, like coral and shellfish. For example, it is the primary form of sand apparent in areas where reefs have dominated the ecosystem for millions of years, as in the Caribbean. Somewhat more rarely, sand may be composed of calcium sulfate, such as gypsum and selenite, as is found in places such as White Sands National Park and Salt Plains National Wildlife Refuge in the U.S.
Sand is a non-renewable resource over human timescales, and sand suitable for making concrete is in high demand. Desert sand, although plentiful, is not suitable for concrete. Fifty billion tons of beach sand and fossil sand are used each year for construction. Provided by Wikipedia
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821by Orlando, Ludovic Antoine Alexandre, Ginolhac, Aurélien, Zhang, Guojie, Froese, Duane, Albrechtsen, Anders, Stiller, Mathias, Schubert, Mikkel, Cappellini, Enrico, Petersen, Bent, Moltke, Ida, Johnson, Philip L F, Fumagalli, Matteo, Vilstrup, Julia T, Raghavan, Maanasa, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Malaspinas, Anna Sapfo, Vogt, Josef Korbinian, Szklarczyk, Damian, Kelstrup, Christian, Vinther, Jakob, Dolocan, Andrei, Stenderup, Jesper, Velazquez, Amhed M. V., Cahill, James, Rasmussen, Morten, Wang, Xiaoli, Min, Jiumeng, Zazula, Grant D, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Mortensen, Cecilie, Magnussen, Kim, Thompson, John F, Weinstock, Jacobo, Gregersen, Magnus Kristian, Røed, Knut H, Eisenmann, Véra, Rubin, Carl J, Miller, Donald C, Antczak, Douglas F, Bertelsen, Mads, Brunak, Søren, Al-Rasheid, Khaled A S, Ryder, Oliver, Andersson, Leif, Mundy, John, Krogh, Anders, Gilbert, Marcus Thomas Pius, Kjær, Kurt H., Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas, Jensen, Lars Juhl, Olsen, Jesper, Hofreiter, Michael, Nielsen, Rasmus, Shapiro, Beth, Wang, Jun, Willerslev, EskeGet access
Published in Nature (2013)
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Article in Journal/Newspaper -
822by Boy, M. (Michael), Thomson, E. S. (Erik S.), Acosta Navarro, J.-C. (Juan-C.), Arnalds, O. (Olafur), Batchvarova, E. (Ekaterina), Back, J. (Jaana), Berninger, F. (Frank), Bilde, M. (Merete), Brasseur, Z. (Zoe), Dagsson-Waldhauserova, P. (Pavla), Castarede, D. (Dimitri), Dalirian, M. (Maryam), de Leeuw, G. (Gerrit), Dragosics, M. (Monika), Duplissy, E.-M. (Ella-Maria), Duplissy, J. (Jonathan), Ekman, A. M. (Annica M. L.), Fang, K. (Keyan), Gallet, J.-C. (Jean-Charles), Glasius, M. (Marianne), Gryning, S.-E. (Sven-Erik), Grythe, H. (Henrik), Hansson, H.-C. (Hans-Christen), Hansson, M. (Margareta), Isaksson, E. (Elisabeth), Iversen, T. (Trond), Jonsdottir, I. (Ingibjorg), Kasurinen, V. (Ville), Kirkevag, A. (Alf), Korhola, A. (Atte), Krejci, R. (Radovan), Kristjansson, J. E. (Jon Egill), Lappalainen, H. K. (Hanna K.), Lauri, A. (Antti), Lepparanta, M. (Matti), Lihavainen, H. (Heikki), Makkonen, R. (Risto), Massling, A. (Andreas), Meinander, O. (Outi), Nilsson, E. D. (E. Douglas), Olafsson, H. (Haraldur), Pettersson, J. B. (Jan B. C.), Prisle, N. L. (Nonne L.), Riipinen, I. (Ilona), Roldin, P. (Pontus), Ruppel, M. (Meri), Salter, M. (Matthew), Sand, M. (Maria), Seland, O. (Oyvind), Seppa, H. (Heikki), Skov, H. (Henrik), Soares, J. (Joana), Stohl, A. (Andreas), Strom, J. (Johan), Svensson, J. (Jonas), Swietlicki, E. (Erik), Tabakova, K. (Ksenia), Thorsteinsson, T. (Throstur), Virkkula, A. (Aki), Weyhenmeyer, G. A. (Gesa A.), Wu, Y. (Yusheng), Zieger, P. (Paul), Kulmala, M. (Markku)Get access
Published 2019
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
823by Raghavan, Maanasa, Steinrücken, Matthias, Harris, Kelley, Schiffels, Stephan, Rasmussen, Simon, DeGiorgio, Michael, Albrechtsen, Anders, Valdiosera Morales, Cristina E., Avila Arcos, Maria del Carmen, Malaspinas, Anna Sapfo, Eriksson, Anders, Moltke, Ida, Metspalu, Mait, Homburger, Julian R, Wall, Jeff, Cornejo, Omar E, Moreno Mayar, José Victor, Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand, Pierre, Tracey Lynn, Rasmussen, Morten, Campos, Paula, Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Allentoft, Morten Erik, Lindo, John, Metspalu, Ene, Rodríguez-Varela, Ricardo, Mansilla, Josefina, Henrickson, Celeste, Seguin-Orlando, Andaine, Malmström, Helena, Stafford jr., Thomas, Shringarpure, Suyash S, Moreno-Estrada, Andrés, Karmin, Monika, Tambets, Kristiina, Bergström, Anders, Xue, Yali, Warmuth, Vera, Friend, Andrew D, Singarayer, Joy, Valdes, Paul, Balloux, Francois, Leboreiro, Ilán, Vera, Jose Luis, Rangel-Villalobos, Hector, Pettener, Davide, Luiselli, Donata, Davis, Loren G, Heyer, Evelyne, Zollikofer, Christoph P E, Ponce de León, Marcia S, Smith, Colin I, Grimes, Vaughan, Pike, Kelly-Anne, Deal, Michael, Fuller, Benjamin T, Arriaza, Bernardo, Standen, Vivien, Luz, Maria F, Ricaut, Francois, Guidon, Niede, Osipova, Ludmila, Voevoda, Mikhail I, Posukh, Olga L, Balanovsky, Oleg, Lavryashina, Maria, Bogunov, Yuri, Khusnutdinova, Elza, Gubina, Marina, Balanovska, Elena, Fedorova, Sardana, Litvinov, Sergey, Malyarchuk, Boris, Derenko, Miroslava, Mosher, M J, Archer, David, Cybulski, Jerome, Petzelt, Barbara, Mitchell, Joycelynn, Worl, Rosita, Norman, Paul J, Parham, Peter, Kemp, Brian M, Kivisild, Toomas, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Sandhu, Manjinder S, Crawford, Michael, Villems, Richard, Smith, David Glenn, Waters, Michael R, Goebel, Ted, Johnson, John R, Malhi, Ripan S, Jakobsson, Mattias, Meltzer, David J., Manica, Andrea, Durbin, Richard, Bustamante, Carlos D, Song, Yun S, Nielsen, Rasmus, Willerslev, EskeGet access
Published in Science (2015)
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Article in Journal/Newspaper -
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825
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826by Borba, Marcela ProençaContributors: “...Van der Sand, Sueli Terezinha...”
Published 2021
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827
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828by Johannessen, P.M., Pettersson, L.H., Gao, Y., Nielsen, S.P., Borghuis, S., Strand, P., Reiersen, L.O., Boylev, L.P., Volkov, V.A., Neelov, I., Stepanov, A., Bobylev, K., Zheleznyak, M., Maderich, V.Contributors: “...Sand, Å....”
Published 2002
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829by Vintró, L.L., Mitchell, P.I., Smith, K.J., McMahon, C.A., Holm, E., Dahlgaard, H., Nielsen, S.P., Boust, D., Leonard, K.S., Papucci, C., Delfanti, R., Salbu, B., Strand, P., Cabeza, J.A.S., Rissanen, K., Pollard, D., Gascó, C., Christensen, G.C., Herrmann, J., Nies, H.Contributors: “...Sand, Å....”
Published 2002
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830by Dahlgaard, H.Contributors: “...Sand, Å....”
Published 2002
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831by Howard, B.J., Sickel, M., Rissanen, K., Dahlgaard, H., Joensen, H.P., Pálsson, S.E., Golikov, V., Nikitin, A., Dasher, D., Bergman, R.Contributors: “...Sand, Å....”
Published 2002
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832
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833by Strand, P., Tsaturov, Y., Howard, B., McCelland, V., Bewers, M., Dahlgaard, H., Joensen, H.P., Nikitin, A., Palsson, S.E., Rissanen, K.Contributors: “...Sand, Å....”
Published 2002
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835by Paludo, Nathalie ScaramussaContributors: “...Van der Sand, Sueli Terezinha...”
Published 2018
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836by Witusk, João Paulo DuarteContributors: “...Van der Sand, Sueli Terezinha...”
Published 2018
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Thesis -
837by Suutarinen, J. (Johanna)Contributors: “...Sand, H. (Håkan)...”
Published 2019
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Doctoral or Postdoctoral Thesis -
838
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839
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