Russia
![Yamnaya](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Yamnaya_Steppe_Pastoralists.jpg)
The East Slavs emerged as a recognised group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries CE. The first East Slavic state, Kievan Rus', arose in the 9th century, and in 988, it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers, developing into the Russian Empire, which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in 1917, Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR—the world's first constitutionally socialist state. Following the Russian Civil War, the Russian SFSR established the Soviet Union with three other Soviet republics, within which it was the largest and principal constituent. At the expense of millions of lives, the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialisation in the 1930s and later played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War, it competed with the United States for ideological dominance and international influence. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements, including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space.
In 1991, the Russian SFSR emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as the independent Russian Federation. A new constitution was adopted, which established a federal semi-presidential system. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin, under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been militarily involved in a number of conflicts in former Soviet states and other countries, including its war with Georgia in 2008 and annexation of Crimea in 2014 from neighbouring Ukraine, followed by the further annexation of four other regions in 2022 during an ongoing invasion.
Russia's advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world, relying on its vast mineral and energy resources; the world's second-largest for oil production and natural gas production. It possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and has the third-highest military expenditure. Russia is a great power and a regional power. The country ranks low in measurements of democracy, human rights and freedom of the press; corruption remains a significant challenge. Russia is also a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council; a member state of the G20, SCO, BRICS, APEC, OSCE, and WTO; and the leading member state of post-Soviet organisations such as CIS, CSTO, and EAEU/EEU. Russia is home to 30 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Provided by Wikipedia
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381by A. Ponkratova O., A. Whaley K., V. Luzhanin G., E. Zhokhova V., А. Понкратова О., А. Уэйли К., В. Лужанин Г., Е. Жохова В.Contributors: “... and Science of Russia...”
Published in Drug development & registration (2021)
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382by Jansson, Roland, Nilsson, Christer, Keskitalo, E. Carina H., Vlasova, Tatiana, Sutinen, Marja-Liisa, Moen, Jon, Chapin III, F. Stuart, Bråthen, Kari Anne, Cabeza, Mar, Callaghan, Terry V., van Oort, Bob, Dannevig, Halvor, Bay-Iarsen, Ingrid A., Ims, Rolf A., Aspholm, Paul EricContributors: “...Tomsk State University, Russia...”
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383by Xie, Zhijing, Sun, Xin, Lux, Johannes, Chen, Ting‐Wen, Potapov, Mikhail, Wu, Donghui, Scheu, StefanContributors: “...Potapov, Mikhail; 6386213Moscow State Pedagogical University Moscow Russia...”
Published in Ecology and Evolution (2022)
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384by E. Lvova V., E. Zabolotskikh V., Е. Львова В., Е. Заболотских В.Contributors: “... of Russia through the State assignment 0763-2020-0005...”
Published in Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research (2024)
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385by Płóciennik, Mateusz, Mroczkowska, Agnieszka, Kittel, Piotr, Pawłowski, Dominik, Kurzawska, Aldona, Danger, Maxime, Maigrot, Yolaine, Monika, Rzodkiewicz, Wieckowska‐lüth, Magda, Okupny, Daniel, Andrezj, Kruk, Luoto, Tomi P., Kotrys, Bartosz, Nazarova, Larisa, Syrykh, Liudmila, Szmańda, Jacek, Dolbunova, Ekaterina, Mazurkevich, AndreyContributors: “...Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia...”
Published in Limnology and Freshwater Biology (2020)
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386by Płóciennik, Mateusz, Mroczkowska, Agnieszka, Kittel, Piotr, Pawłowski, Dominik, Kurzawska, Aldona, Danger, Maxime, Maigrot, Yolaine, Monika, Rzodkiewicz, Wieckowska‐lüth, Magda, Okupny, Daniel, Andrezj, Kruk, Luoto, Tomi P., Kotrys, Bartosz, Nazarova, Larisa, Syrykh, Liudmila, Szmańda, Jacek, Dolbunova, Ekaterina, Mazurkevich, AndreyContributors: “...Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia...”
Published in Limnology and Freshwater Biology (2020)
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387by Kittel, Piotr, Mazurkevich, Andrey, Gauthier, Emilie, Kazakov, Eduard, Kublitskiy, Yuriy, Rzodkiewicz, Monika, Mroczkowska, Agnieszka, Okupny, Daniel, Szmańda, Jacek, Dolbunova, EkaterinaContributors: “...Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia...”
Published in Antiquity (2023)
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388by Kittel, Piotr, Mazurkevich, Andrey, Gauthier, Emilie, Kazakov, Eduard, Kublitskiy, Yuriy, Rzodkiewicz, Monika, Mroczkowska, Agnieszka, Okupny, Daniel, Szmańda, Jacek, Dolbunova, EkaterinaContributors: “...Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia...”
Published in Antiquity (2023)
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389by Lagassé, Benjamin J., Lanctot, Richard B., Brown, Stephen, Dondua, Alexei G., Kendall, Steve, Latty, Christopher J., Liebezeit, Joseph R., Loktionov, Egor Y., Maslovsky, Konstantin S., Matsyna, Alexander I., Matsyna, Ekaterina L., McGuire, Rebecca L., Payer, David C., Saalfeld, Sarah T., Slaght, Jonathan C., Solovyeva, Diana V., Tomkovich, Pavel S., Valchuk, Olga P., Wunder, Michael B.Contributors: “...BirdsRussia...”
Published in PLOS ONE (2022)
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390by Liu, J.Y., Chang, F.Y., Oyama, K.I., Kakinami, Y, Yeh, H.C., Yeh, T.L., Jiang, S.B., Parrot, MichelContributors: “...National Space Organization grant (Taiwan-Russia Satellite Project) 97-NSPO(B)-SE-FA07-02...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (2015)
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391by Liu, J.Y., Chang, F.Y., Oyama, K.I., Kakinami, Y, Yeh, H.C., Yeh, T.L., Jiang, S.B., Parrot, MichelContributors: “...National Space Organization grant (Taiwan-Russia Satellite Project) 97-NSPO(B)-SE-FA07-02...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (2015)
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392by Liu, J.Y., Chang, F.Y., Oyama, K.I., Kakinami, Y, Yeh, H.C., Yeh, T.L., Jiang, S.B., Parrot, MichelContributors: “...National Space Organization grant (Taiwan-Russia Satellite Project) 97-NSPO(B)-SE-FA07-02...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (2015)
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393by Liu, J.Y., Chang, F.Y., Oyama, K.I., Kakinami, Y, Yeh, H.C., Yeh, T.L., Jiang, S.B., Parrot, MichelContributors: “...National Space Organization grant (Taiwan-Russia Satellite Project) 97-NSPO(B)-SE-FA07-02...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (2015)
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394by Liu, J.Y., Chang, F.Y., Oyama, K.I., Kakinami, Y, Yeh, H.C., Yeh, T.L., Jiang, S.B., Parrot, MichelContributors: “...National Space Organization grant (Taiwan-Russia Satellite Project) 97-NSPO(B)-SE-FA07-02...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (2015)
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395by A. Zolotokrylin N., А. Золотокрылин Н.Contributors: “... of Climate Change Mechanisms and Their Consequences for the Environment and Socioeconomic Processes in Russia”...”
Published in Izvestiya Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriya geograficheskaya (2019)
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396by Mitchell, D. M., Misios, S., Gray, L. J., Tourpali, K., Matthes, K., Hood, L., Schmidt, H., Chiodo, G., Thiéblemont, R., Rozanov, E., Shindell, D., Krivolutsky, A.Contributors: “...Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics; Central Aerological Observatory; Moscow Russia...”
Published in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (2015)
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397by A. V. Rodionov, K. S. Dobryakova, N. N. Nosov, A. A. Gnutikov, E. O. Punina, A. A. Kriukov, V. S. Shneyer, А. В. Родионов, К. С. Добрякова, Н. Н. Носов, А. А. Гнутиков, Е. О. Пунина, А. А. Крюков, В. С. ШнеерContributors: “... Institute RAS (St. Petersburg, Russia)....”
Published in Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding (2019)
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398by O. Solomina N., V. Jomelli, I. Bushueva S., О. Соломина Н., В. Джомелли, И. Бушуева С.Contributors: “... (agreement No 075-15-2021-599, 8.06.2021) of the Ministry of Highest Education of Russia “Natural...”
Published 2023
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399Contributors: “...RAS, Karelian Res Ctr, Inst Geol, Petrozavodsk, Russia....”
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400by Barhoumi, Cheima, A. Ali, Adam, Peyron, Odile, Dugerdil, Lucas, Borisova, Olga, Golubeva, Yulia, Subetto, Dmitri, Kryshen, Alexander, Drobyshev, Igor, Ryzhkova, Nina, Joannin, SébastienContributors: “...Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia...”
Published in Journal of Biogeography (2020)
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