Russia
![Yamnaya](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Yamnaya_Steppe_Pastoralists.jpg)
The East Slavs emerged as a recognised group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries CE. The first East Slavic state, Kievan Rus', arose in the 9th century, and in 988, it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers, developing into the Russian Empire, which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in 1917, Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and eventually replaced by the Russian SFSR—the world's first constitutionally socialist state. Following the Russian Civil War, the Russian SFSR established the Soviet Union with three other Soviet republics, within which it was the largest and principal constituent. At the expense of millions of lives, the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialisation in the 1930s and later played a decisive role for the Allies in World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War, it competed with the United States for ideological dominance and international influence. The Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements, including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space.
In 1991, the Russian SFSR emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as the independent Russian Federation. A new constitution was adopted, which established a federal semi-presidential system. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin, under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been militarily involved in a number of conflicts in former Soviet states and other countries, including its war with Georgia in 2008 and annexation of Crimea in 2014 from neighbouring Ukraine, followed by the further annexation of four other regions in 2022 during an ongoing invasion.
Russia's advanced economy ranks among the largest in the world, relying on its vast mineral and energy resources; the world's second-largest for oil production and natural gas production. It possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons and has the third-highest military expenditure. Russia is a great power and a regional power. The country ranks low in measurements of democracy, human rights and freedom of the press; corruption remains a significant challenge. Russia is also a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council; a member state of the G20, SCO, BRICS, APEC, OSCE, and WTO; and the leading member state of post-Soviet organisations such as CIS, CSTO, and EAEU/EEU. Russia is home to 30 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Provided by Wikipedia
-
181
-
182
-
183
-
184by Imperatorskaia akademiia nauk (Russia) Miller, Gerard Fridrikh 1705-1783 Jefferys, Thomas d. 1771 Bowles, Carrington, 1724-1793Get access
Published 1780
Other/Unknown Material -
185by Imperatorskaia akademiia nauk (Russia) Miller, Gerard Fridrikh 1705-1783 Jefferys, Thomas d. 1771 Bowles, Carrington, 1724-1793Get access
Published 1780
Other/Unknown Material -
186
-
187by Maria A. Perevozchikova, Igor A. Domsky, Yulia A. Berezina, Professor Zhitkov Russian Research Institute of Game Management and Fur Farming, Kirov, Russia, Alexandr V. EconomovGet access
Published in Food Processing: Techniques and Technology (2023)
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
188by Zhong, X., Hu, L., Wang, X., Yuen, K., Chen, Y., Zhang, X., Kuang, C., International Seminar On Fire And Explosion Hazards 9; 2019; Saint Petersburg, RussiaGet access
Published 2019
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
189by Koulakov, Ivan, Shapiro, Nikolay M., Sens‐Schönfelder, Christoph, Luehr, Birger G., Gordeev, Evgeny I., Jakovlev, Andrey, Abkadyrov, Ilyas, Chebrov, Danila V., Bushenkova, Natalia, Droznina, Svetlana Y., Senyukov, Sergey L., Novgorodova, Angelika, Stupina, Tatyana, 4 Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTERRE), UMR CNRS 5375 Université Grenoble‐Alpes Grenoble France, 6 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Potsdam Germany, 3 Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS Petropavlovsk‐Kamchatsky Russia, 1 Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS Novosibirsk Russia, 7 Kamchatkan Branch of Geophysical Survey RAS Petropavlovsk‐Kamchatsky RussiaGet access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (2020)
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
190
-
191
-
192
-
193
-
194
-
195by Imperatorskai͡a akademīi͡a nauk (Russia), Ruprecht, Franz Joseph, 1814-1870., Meyer, Carl Anton, 1795-1855., Claus, Carl Ernst, 1796-1864., Veesenmeyer, Gustav i.e. Karl Gustav, 1814-1901, Borshchov, Ilʹi͡a Grigorʹevich, 1833-1878.Get access
Published 1844
Get access
Get access
Get access
Get access
Text -
196
-
197by Mutterlose, Jörg, Picollier, Marie‐Claire, Dzyuba, Oksana, Jagt, John, Picollier, Marie‐Claire; 2 La Vitonie 24160 Saint‐Pantaly‐d’Excideuil France, Dzyuba, Oksana; 3 A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology & Geophysics SB RAS Novosibirsk RussiaGet access
Published in Papers in Palaeontology (2022)
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
198by Morgenstern, Anne, Overduin, Pier Paul, Günther, Frank, Stettner, Samuel, Ramage, Justine, Schirrmeister, Lutz, Grigoriev, Mikhail N., Grosse, Guido, 1 Department of Permafrost Research Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Potsdam Germany, 6 Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences Yakutsk RussiaGet access
Published in Permafrost and Periglacial Processes (2020)
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
199by Ruiz‐Castillo, Eugenio, Janout, Markus, Hölemann, Jens, Kanzow, Torsten, Schulz, Kirstin, Ivanov, Vladimir, 1 Alfred‐Wegener‐Institut Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Polar‐ und Meeresforschung Bremerhaven Germany, 3 University of Texas Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences Austin TX USA, 4 Lomonosov Moscow State University Geography Faculty Oceanology Department Moscow RussiaGet access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2023)
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper -
200by Andreev, Andrei A., Nazarova, Larisa B., Lenz, Marlene M., Böhmer, Thomas, Syrykh, Ludmila, Wagner, Bernd, Melles, Martin, Pestryakova, Ludmila A., Herzschuh, Ulrike, Nazarova, Larisa B.; 1 Alfred‐Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Research Unit Potsdam Germany, Lenz, Marlene M.; 2 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy University of Cologne Germany, Böhmer, Thomas; 1 Alfred‐Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Research Unit Potsdam Germany, Syrykh, Ludmila; 3 Kazan Federal University Russia, Wagner, Bernd; 2 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy University of Cologne Germany, Melles, Martin; 2 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy University of Cologne Germany, Pestryakova, Ludmila A.; 5 North Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, Yakutsk RussiaGet access
Published in Journal of Quaternary Science (2022)
Get access
Article in Journal/Newspaper