President of Russia
![President of Russia](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%2808-03-2024%29_%28cropped%29.jpg)
The modern incarnation of the office emerged from the president of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR). In 1991, Boris Yeltsin was elected president of the RSFSR, becoming the first non-Communist Party member to be elected into a major Soviet political role. He played a crucial role in the dissolution of the Soviet Union which saw the transformation of the RSFSR into the Russian Federation. Following a series of scandals and doubts about his leadership, violence erupted across Moscow in the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis. As a result, a new constitution was implemented and the 1993 Russian Constitution remains in force today. The constitution establishes Russia as a semi-presidential system which separates the president of Russia from the Government of Russia which exercises executive power.
In all cases where the president of the Russian Federation is unable to fulfill their duties, those duties shall be temporarily delegated to the prime minister of Russia, who becomes acting president of Russia.
The powers of the presidency include: execution of federal law, appointing federal ministers, and members of the judiciary, and negotiating treaties with foreign powers. The president also has the power to grant federal pardons and reprieves, and to convene and adjourn the Federal Assembly under extraordinary circumstances. The president also appoints the prime minister, who directs domestic policy of the Russian Federation alongside the president.
The president is elected directly through a popular vote to a six-year term. Previously, the Constitution established a term limit for the presidency restricting the officeholder to serve no more than two consecutive terms. However, this limitation has since been overhauled in large part due to the constitutional amendments that were ratified in 2020. One of the amendments passed reset the terms of both Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev, allowing either to serve as president for a full two terms regardless of their previous terms. In all, three individuals have served four presidencies spanning six full terms. In May 2012, Vladimir Putin became the fourth president; he was re-elected in March 2018 and in March 2024 for two consecutive six-year terms. Provided by Wikipedia
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21Contributors: “...Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation...”
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22Contributors: “...President of the Russian Federation...”
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23Contributors: “...Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation...”
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24by Schultz, Julia A, Ruf, Irina, Averianov, Alexander O, Schellhorn, Rico, Lopatin, Alexey V, Martin, ThomasContributors: “...Board of the President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (2021)
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25by Sattarova, Valentina V., Artemova, Antonina V.Contributors: “...President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (2015)
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26Contributors: “...Council of the President of the Russian Federation...”
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27by Frolov, Evgenii N., Maltseva, Anastasiia I., Elcheninov, Alexander G., Kublanov, Ilya V.Contributors: “...FGBICU SRI RINCE | Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in Microbiology Resource Announcements (2023)
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28by Bober, Johanna, Brandt, Angelika, Frutos, Inmaculada, Schwentner, MartinContributors: “...Council of the President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2019)
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29by Slukovskii, Zakhar, Medvedev, Maxim, Mitsukov, Alexandr, Dauvalter, Vladimir, Grigoriev, Vasiliy, Kudryavtzeva, Lyubov, Elizarova, IrinaContributors: “...Grant of the President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in Environmental Earth Sciences (2021)
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30by Lavrenteva, Anna V., Mühlenhardt-Siegel, UteContributors: “...Council of the President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (2015)
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31by A. Zhigalin V., A. Gadzhiev A., M. Daudova G., N. Salimkhanov G., A. Shestopalov M., А. Жигалин В., А. Гаджиев А., М. Даудова Г., Н. Салимханов Г., А. Шестопалов М.Contributors: “...Grant of the President of the Russian Federation MK-6831.2018.4 (075-02-2018-1022)...”
Published in South of Russia: ecology, development (2019)
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32Contributors: “...The reported study was funded by Grant of the President of the Russian Federation according...”
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33by Grischenko, Andrei V., Hirose, Masato, Schwaha, Thomas, Chernyshev, Alexei V.Contributors: “...Council of the President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2019)
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34by Brandt, A., Elsner, N.O., Malyutina, M.V., Brenke, N., Golovan, O.A., Lavrenteva, A.V., Riehl, T.Contributors: “...Council of the President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (2015)
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35by Elsner, Nikolaus O., Malyutina, Marina V., Golovan, Olga A., Brenke, Nils, Riehl, Torben, Brandt, AngelikaContributors: “...Council of the President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (2015)
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36by Andre, M., Caballé, A., Van der Schaar, M., Solsona, A., Houégnigan, L., Zaugg, S., Sanchez, A. M., Castell, J. V., Solé, M., Vila, F., Djokic, D., Adrián Martínez, Silvia, Albert, A., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Felis-Enguix, Iván, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Saldaña-Coscollar, MaríaContributors: “...Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in Scientific Reports (2017)
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37by Albert, A., Andre, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Aubert, J.J., Aublin, J., Avgitas, T., Baret, B., Barrios-Marti, J., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bormuth, R., Felis-Enguix, Iván, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Saldaña-Coscollar, MaríaContributors: “...Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in The Astrophysical Journal (2018)
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38by Andre, M., Caballé, A., Van der Schaar, M., Solsona, A., Houégnigan, L., Zaugg, S., Sanchez, A. M., Castell, J. V., Solé, M., Vila, F., Djokic, D., Adrián Martínez, Silvia, Albert, A., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Felis-Enguix, Iván, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Saldaña-Coscollar, MaríaContributors: “...Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in Scientific Reports (2017)
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39by Albert, A., Andre, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Aubert, J.J., Aublin, J., Avgitas, T., Baret, B., Barrios-Marti, J., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bormuth, R., Felis-Enguix, Iván, Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Saldaña-Coscollar, MaríaContributors: “...Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in The Astrophysical Journal (2018)
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40ANTARES and IceCube Combined Search for Neutrino Point-like and Extended Sources in the Southern Skyby Albert, A., Andre, M., Anghinolfi, M., Anton, G., Ardid Ramírez, Miguel, Aubert, J-J, Aublin, J., Baret, B., Basa, S., Belhorma, B., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bourret, S., Martínez Mora, Juan Antonio, Poirè, ChiaraContributors: “...Council on grants of the President of the Russian Federation...”
Published in The Astrophysical Journal (2020)
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