Doctor of Philosophy
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD or DPhil; or ) is a terminal degree that usually denotes the highest level of academic achievement in a given discipline and is awarded following a course of graduate study and original research. The name of the degree is most often abbreviated PhD (or, at times, as Ph.D. in North America), pronounced as three separate letters ( ).The abbreviation DPhil, for "Doctor of Philosophy", is used by the University of Oxford. Additionally, it was formerly used by the University of York and University of Sussex in the United Kingdom.
PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Since it is an earned research degree, those studying for a PhD are required to produce original research that expands the boundaries of knowledge, normally in the form of a dissertation, and, in some cases, defend their work before a panel of other experts in the field. In many fields, the completion of a PhD is typically required for employment as a university professor, researcher, or scientist.
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262by Marggraf, Lara Christin, Lindecke, Oliver (Dr.), Voigt, Christian C. (PD Dr.), Pētersons, Gunārs (Dr.), Voigt-Heucke, Silke Luise (PhD)Contributors: “...Lattenkamp, Ella Zoe (PhD)...”
Published in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution (2023)
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263by Marggraf, Lara Christin, Lindecke, Oliver (Dr.), Voigt, Christian C. (PD Dr.), Pētersons, Gunārs (Dr.), Voigt-Heucke, Silke Luise (PhD)Contributors: “...Lattenkamp, Ella Zoe (PhD)...”
Published 2023
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268by Drosou, BSc, MSc, PhD, Konstantina, Palmer, Karren, Craig, Hayley, Kennedy, Sandra, Wishart, John, Oliveira, Hugo, Civan, Peter, Martin, Peter, Brown, TerenceGet access
Published in Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution (2022)
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273by Jonathan P. Piccini, MD, MHS, FHRS, Kendra M. Braegelmann, PhD, Sara Simma, MS, Jayanthi N. Koneru, MBBS, CCDS, Kenneth A. Ellenbogen, MD, FHRSGet access
Published in Heart Rhythm O2 (2020)
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274by Arboleda-Zapata, Mauricio (M.Sc.), Angelopoulos, Michael (Dr.), Overduin, Pier Paul (Dr.), Grosse, Guido (Prof. Dr.), Jones, Benjamin M. (PhD), Tronicke, Jens (Prof. Dr.)Get access
Published in The Cryosphere (2022)
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275by Arboleda-Zapata, Mauricio (M.Sc.), Angelopoulos, Michael (Dr.), Overduin, Pier Paul (Dr.), Grosse, Guido (Prof. Dr.), Jones, Benjamin M. (PhD), Tronicke, Jens (Prof. Dr.)Get access
Published 2022
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278by Sobolewski, Linda (Dr. rer. nat.), Stenner, Christian, Williams‑Jones, Glyn (PhD), Anitori, Roberto Paul (Prof. Dr.), Davis, Richard E. (Prof. Dr.), Pflitsch, Andreas (Prof. Dr.)Get access
Published 2022
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279by Schauffler, S. M., Atlas, E. L., Donnelly, Stephen G., Ph.D., Andrews, A., Montzka, S. A., Elkins, J. W., Hurst, D. F., Romashkin, P. A., Dutton, G. S., Stroud, V.Get access
Published 2003
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