Packard
![Gold Bond specimen of the Packard Motor Car Company, issued 15. April 1921](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Packard_Motor_Car_Company_1921.jpg)
One of the "Three Ps" – alongside Peerless Motor Company and Pierce-Arrow – the company was known for building high-quality luxury automobiles before World War II. Owning a Packard was considered prestigious, and surviving examples are often found in museums and automobile collections.
Packard vehicles featured innovations, including the modern steering wheel, air-conditioning in a passenger car, and one of the first production 12-cylinder engines, adapted from developing the Liberty L-12 engine used during World War I to power warplanes.
During World War II, Packard produced 55,523 units of the two-stage/two-speed supercharger equipped Merlin V-12s engines under contract with Rolls-Royce. Packard also made the versions of the Liberty L-12 V-12 engine. This updated engine powered United States Navy PT boats.
After the Second World War, Packard struggled to survive as an independent automaker against the domestic Big Three (General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler). Packard merged with Studebaker in 1953 and formed the Studebaker-Packard Corporation. This merger was intended to be temporary while an eventual consolidation with American Motors Company (AMC) was planned. Disagreements among the firms' executives thwarted these plans, so Studebaker-Packard remained a separate company. The Packard brand was phased out in 1959 after two years of declining sales of the Studebaker-built 1957 and 1958 model year Packards. Provided by Wikipedia
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161by Ingman, Kaytlin, Hines, Ellen, Mazzini, Piero L. F., Rockwood, R. Cotton, Nur, Nadav, Jahncke, JaimeContributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in PLOS ONE (2021)
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162by Kienle, Sarah S., Friedlaender, Ari S., Crocker, Daniel E., Mehta, Rita S., Costa, Daniel P.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Royal Society Open Science (2022)
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163by Condit, Richard, Hatfield, Brian, Morris, Patricia A., Costa, Daniel P.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in PLOS ONE (2023)
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164by Fowler, Melinda A., Debier, Cathy, Champagne, Cory D., Crocker, Daniel E., Costa, Daniel P.Contributors: “...Packard...”
Published in General and Comparative Endocrinology (2016)
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165by Moreno-Mayar, J. Víctor, Vinner, Lasse, de Barros Damgaard, Peter, de la Fuente, Constanza, Chan, Jeffrey, Spence, Jeffrey P., Allentoft, Morten E., Vimala, Tharsika, Racimo, Fernando, Pinotti, Thomaz, Rasmussen, Simon, Margaryan, Ashot, Iraeta Orbegozo, Miren, Mylopotamitaki, Dorothea, Wooller, Matthew, Bataille, Clement, Becerra-Valdivia, Lorena, Chivall, David, Comeskey, Daniel, Devièse, Thibaut, Grayson, Donald K., George, Len, Harry, Harold, Alexandersen, Verner, Primeau, Charlotte, Erlandson, Jon, Rodrigues-Carvalho, Claudia, Reis, Silvia, Bastos, Murilo Q. R., Cybulski, Jerome, Vullo, Carlos, Morello, Flavia, Vilar, Miguel, Wells, Spencer, Gregersen, Kristian, Hansen, Kasper Lykke, Lynnerup, Niels, Mirazón Lahr, Marta, Kjær, Kurt, Strauss, André, Alfonso-Durruty, Marta, Salas, Antonio, Schroeder, Hannes, Higham, Thomas, Malhi, Ripan S., Rasic, Jeffrey T., Souza, Luiz, Santos, Fabricio R., Malaspinas, Anna-Sapfo, Sikora, MartinContributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Science (2018)
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166by Rose, Jeremy M., Blanchette, Carol A., Chan, Francis, Gouhier, Tarik C., Raimondi, Peter T., Sanford, Eric, Menge, Bruce A.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in PLOS ONE (2020)
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167by da Fonseca, Rute R, Couto, Alvarina, Machado, Andre M, Brejova, Brona, Albertin, Carolin B, Silva, Filipe, Gardner, Paul, Baril, Tobias, Hayward, Alex, Campos, Alexandre, Ribeiro, Ângela M, Barrio-Hernandez, Inigo, Hoving, Henk-Jan, Tafur-Jimenez, Ricardo, Chu, Chong, Frazão, Barbara, Petersen, Bent, Peñaloza, Fernando, Musacchia, Francesco, Alexander, Graham C, Osório, Hugo, Winkelmann, Inger, Simakov, Oleg, Rasmussen, Simon, Rahman, M Ziaur, Pisani, Davide, Vinther, Jakob, Jarvis, Erich, Zhang, Guojie, Strugnell, Jan M, Castro, L Filipe C, Fedrigo, Olivier, Patricio, Mateus, Li, Qiye, Rocha, Sara, Antunes, Agostinho, Wu, Yufeng, Ma, Bin, Sanges, Remo, Vinar, Tomas, Blagoev, Blagoy, Sicheritz-Ponten, Thomas, Nielsen, Rasmus, Gilbert, M Thomas PContributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in GigaScience (2020)
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168by Siegelman, Lia, Klein, Patrice, Riviere, Pascal, Thompson, Andrew F., Torres, Hector S., Flexas, Mar, Menemenlis, DimitrisContributors: “...David and Lucille Packard FoundationThe David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2020)
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169by Siegelman, Lia, Klein, Patrice, Riviere, Pascal, Thompson, Andrew F., Torres, Hector S., Flexas, Mar, Menemenlis, DimitrisContributors: “...David and Lucille Packard FoundationThe David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2020)
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170by Siegelman, Lia, Klein, Patrice, Riviere, Pascal, Thompson, Andrew F., Torres, Hector S., Flexas, Mar, Menemenlis, DimitrisContributors: “...David and Lucille Packard FoundationThe David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2020)
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171by Siegelman, Lia, Klein, Patrice, Riviere, Pascal, Thompson, Andrew F., Torres, Hector S., Flexas, Mar, Menemenlis, DimitrisContributors: “...David and Lucille Packard FoundationThe David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2020)
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172by Siegelman, Lia, Klein, Patrice, Riviere, Pascal, Thompson, Andrew F., Torres, Hector S., Flexas, Mar, Menemenlis, DimitrisContributors: “...David and Lucille Packard FoundationThe David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2020)
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173by Chagnon‐Lafortune, Aurélie, Duchesne, Éliane, Legagneux, Pierre, McKinnon, Laura, Reneerkens, Jeroen, Casajus, Nicolas, Abraham, Kenneth F., Bolduc, Élise, Brown, Glen S., Brown, Stephen C., Gates, H. River, Gilg, Olivier, Giroux, Marie‐Andrée, Gurney, Kirsty, Kendall, Steve, Kwon, Eunbi, Lanctot, Richard B., Lank, David B., Lecomte, Nicolas, Leung, Maria, Liebezeit, Joseph R., Morrison, R. I. Guy, Nol, Erica, Payer, David C., Reid, Donald, Ruthrauff, Daniel, Saalfeld, Sarah T., Sandercock, Brett K., Smith, Paul A., Schmidt, Niels Martin, Tulp, Ingrid, Ward, David H., Høye, Toke T., Berteaux, Dominique, Bêty, JoëlContributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Global Change Biology (2024)
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174by Weiser, Emily L., Lanctot, Richard B., Brown, Stephen C., Alves, José A., Battley, Phil F., Bentzen, Rebecca, Bêty, Joël, Bishop, Mary Anne, Boldenow, Megan, Bollache, Loïc, Casler, Bruce, Christie, Maureen, Coleman, Jonathan T., Conklin, Jesse R., English, Willow B., Gates, H. River, Gilg, Olivier, Giroux, Marie-Andrée, Gosbell, Ken, Hassell, Chris, Helmericks, Jim, Johnson, Andrew, Katrínardóttir, Borgný, Koivula, Kari, Kwon, Eunbi, Lamarre, Jean-Francois, Lang, Johannes, Lank, David B., Lecomte, Nicolas, Liebezeit, Joe, Loverti, Vanessa, McKinnon, Laura, Minton, Clive, Mizrahi, David, Nol, Erica, Pakanen, Veli-Matti, Perz, Johanna, Porter, Ron, Rausch, Jennie, Reneerkens, Jeroen, Rönkä, Nelli, Saalfeld, Sarah, Senner, Nathan, Sittler, Benoît, Smith, Paul A., Sowl, Kristine, Taylor, Audrey, Ward, David H., Yezerinac, Stephen, Sandercock, Brett K.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation through the Pacific Shorebird Migration Project...”
Published in Movement Ecology (2016)
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