Packard
![Gold Bond specimen of the Packard Motor Car Company, issued 15. April 1921](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Packard_Motor_Car_Company_1921.jpg)
One of the "Three Ps" – alongside Peerless Motor Company and Pierce-Arrow – the company was known for building high-quality luxury automobiles before World War II. Owning a Packard was considered prestigious, and surviving examples are often found in museums and automobile collections.
Packard vehicles featured innovations, including the modern steering wheel, air-conditioning in a passenger car, and one of the first production 12-cylinder engines, adapted from developing the Liberty L-12 engine used during World War I to power warplanes.
During World War II, Packard produced 55,523 units of the two-stage/two-speed supercharger equipped Merlin V-12s engines under contract with Rolls-Royce. Packard also made the versions of the Liberty L-12 V-12 engine. This updated engine powered United States Navy PT boats.
After the Second World War, Packard struggled to survive as an independent automaker against the domestic Big Three (General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler). Packard merged with Studebaker in 1953 and formed the Studebaker-Packard Corporation. This merger was intended to be temporary while an eventual consolidation with American Motors Company (AMC) was planned. Disagreements among the firms' executives thwarted these plans, so Studebaker-Packard remained a separate company. The Packard brand was phased out in 1959 after two years of declining sales of the Studebaker-built 1957 and 1958 model year Packards. Provided by Wikipedia
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141by Hoving, H. J. T., Neitzel, P., Hauss, H., Christiansen, S., Kiko, R., Robison, B. H., Silva, P., Körtzinger, A.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Scientific Reports (2020)
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142by Beltran, Roxanne S., Lozano, Raquel R., Morris, Patricia A., Robinson, Patrick W., Holser, Rachel R., Keates, Theresa R., Favilla, Arina B., Kilpatrick, A. Marm, Costa, Daniel P.Contributors: “...Packard...”
Published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (2024)
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143by Christensen-Dalsgaard, Signe, Anker-Nilssen, Tycho, Crawford, Rory, Bond, Alexander, Sigurðsson, Guðjón Már, Glemarec, Gildas, Hansen, Erpur Snær, Kadin, Martina, Kindt-Larsen, Lotte, Mallory, Mark, Merkel, Flemming Ravn, Petersen, Aevar, Provencher, Jennifer, Bærum, Kim MagnusContributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds...”
Published in Biological Conservation (2019)
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144by Barner, Allison K., Chan, Francis, Hettinger, Annaliese, Hacker, Sally D., Marshall, Kelsey, Menge, Bruce A.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Global Change Biology (2018)
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145by Jouma'a, Joffrey, Orgeret, Florian, Picard, Baptiste, Robinson, Patrick W., Weimerskirch, Henri, Guinet, Christophe, Costa, Daniel P., Beltran, Roxanne S.Contributors: “...Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering...”
Published in Royal Society Open Science (2024)
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146by Laguionie-Marchais, C., Billett, D.S.M., Paterson, G.L.D., Ruhl, H.A., Soto, E.H., Smith, K.L., Thatje, S.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers (2013)
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147by Brooks, Cassandra M., Crowder, Larry B., Österblom, Henrik, Strong, Aaron L.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Conservation Letters (2019)
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148by Olsen, Erik, Kaplan, Isaac C., Ainsworth, Cameron, Fay, Gavin, Gaichas, Sarah, Gamble, Robert, Girardin, Raphael, Eide, Cecilie H., Ihde, Thomas F., Morzaria-Luna, Hem Nalini, Johnson, Kelli F., Savina-Rolland, Marie, Townsend, Howard, Weijerman, Mariska, Fulton, Elizabeth A., Link, Jason S.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2018)
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149by Hoving, H. J. T., Arkhipkin, A. I., Laptikhovsky, V. V., Marian, J. E. A. R.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Polar Biology (2015)
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150by Singhal, Neel S, Bai, Meirong, Lee, Evan M, Luo, Shuo, Cook, Kayleigh R, Ma, Dengke KContributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in eLife (2020)
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151by Abrahms, Briana, Welch, Heather, Brodie, Stephanie, Jacox, Michael G., Becker, Elizabeth A., Bograd, Steven J., Irvine, Ladd M., Palacios, Daniel M., Mate, Bruce R., Hazen, Elliott L.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Diversity and Distributions (2019)
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152Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
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153by Kroeker, Kristy J., Kordas, Rebecca L., Harley, Christopher D. G.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Biology Letters (2017)
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154by Wilson, R.M., Lapham, L.L., Riedel, M., Holmes, M.E., Chanton, J.P.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Marine Chemistry (2015)
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155by Abrahms, Briana, Scales, Kylie L., Hazen, Elliott L., Bograd, Steven J., Schick, Robert S., Robinson, Patrick W., Costa, Daniel P.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (2018)
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156by Szesciorka, Angela R., Calambokidis, John, Harvey, James T.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Animal Biotelemetry (2016)
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157by Mateo, Leslie J., Sinnott-Armstrong, Nasa, Boettiger, Alistair N.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Nature Protocols (2021)
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158by Maresh, JL, Adachi, T., Takahashi, A., Naito, Y., Crocker, DE, Horning, M., Williams, TM, Costa, DPContributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Movement Ecology (2015)
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159by Hückstädt, Luis A., Holser, Rachel R., Tift, Michael S., Costa, Daniel P.Contributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Biology Letters (2018)
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160by Schubert, Michael, Marqués-Bonet, Tomàs, Orlando, LudovicContributors: “...David and Lucile Packard Foundation...”
Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2014)
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