Packard
![Gold Bond specimen of the Packard Motor Car Company, issued 15. April 1921](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Packard_Motor_Car_Company_1921.jpg)
One of the "Three Ps" – alongside Peerless Motor Company and Pierce-Arrow – the company was known for building high-quality luxury automobiles before World War II. Owning a Packard was considered prestigious, and surviving examples are often found in museums and automobile collections.
Packard vehicles featured innovations, including the modern steering wheel, air-conditioning in a passenger car, and one of the first production 12-cylinder engines, adapted from developing the Liberty L-12 engine used during World War I to power warplanes.
During World War II, Packard produced 55,523 units of the two-stage/two-speed supercharger equipped Merlin V-12s engines under contract with Rolls-Royce. Packard also made the versions of the Liberty L-12 V-12 engine. This updated engine powered United States Navy PT boats.
After the Second World War, Packard struggled to survive as an independent automaker against the domestic Big Three (General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler). Packard merged with Studebaker in 1953 and formed the Studebaker-Packard Corporation. This merger was intended to be temporary while an eventual consolidation with American Motors Company (AMC) was planned. Disagreements among the firms' executives thwarted these plans, so Studebaker-Packard remained a separate company. The Packard brand was phased out in 1959 after two years of declining sales of the Studebaker-built 1957 and 1958 model year Packards. Provided by Wikipedia
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61by Azzaro, Maurizio, Packard, Theodore T, Monticelli, Luis Salvador, Maimone, Giovanna, Rappazzo, Alessandro Ciro, Azzaro, Filippo, Grilli, Federica, Crisafi, Ermanno, La Ferla, RosabrunaGet access
Published in Nature Conservation (2019)
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62by Azzaro, Maurizio, Packard, Theodore T., Monticelli, Luis Salvador, Maimone, Giovanna, Rappazzo, Alessandro Ciro, Azzaro, Filippo, Grilli, Federica, Crisafi, Ermanno, La Ferla, RosabrunaGet access
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64by Azzaro,Maurizio, Packard,Theodore T, Monticelli,Luis Salvador, Maimone,Giovanna, Rappazzo,Alessandro Ciro, Azzaro,Filippo, Grilli,Federica, Crisafi,Ermanno, La Ferla,RosabrunaGet access
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65by Azzaro, Maurizio, Packard, Theodore T., Monticelli, Luis Salvador, Maimone, Giovanna, Rappazzo, Alessandro Ciro, Azzaro, Filippo, Grilli, Federica, Crisafi, Ermanno, La Ferla, RosabrunaContributors: “...WOS:Packard, TT...”
Published in Nature Conservation (2019)
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67by Maurizio Azzaro, Theodore T. Packard, Luis Salvador Monticelli, Giovanna Maimone, Alessandro Ciro Rappazzo, Filippo Azzaro, Federica Grilli, Ermanno Crisafi, Rosabruna La FerlaGet access
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71by Manley, T. O., Codispoti, L. A., Hunkins, K. L., Jackson, H. R., Jones, E. P., Lee, V., Moore, S., Morison, J., Packard, T. T., Wadhams, P.Get access
Published in Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union (1982)
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72by Packard, T. T., Minas, H. J., Coste, B., Martinez, R., Bonin, M. C., Gostan, J., Garfield, P., Christensen, J., Dortch, Q., Minas, M., Copin-Montegut, G., Copin-Montegut, C.Get access
Published in Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers (1988)
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73by Tames-Espinosa, M, Martinez, I, Romero-Kutzner, V, Coca, J, Alguero-Muniz, M, Horn, HG, Ludwig, A, Taucher, J, Bach, L, Riebesell, U, Packard, TT, Gomez, MGet access
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2020)
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74by Tames-Espinosa, M, Martinez, I, Romero-Kutzner, V, Coca, J, Alguero-Muniz, M, Horn, HG, Ludwig, A, Taucher, J, Bach, L, Riebesell, U, Packard, TT, Gomez, MGet access
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2020)
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75by Tames-Espinosa, M, Martinez, I, Romero-Kutzner, V, Coca, J, Alguero-Muniz, M, Horn, HG, Ludwig, A, Taucher, J, Bach, L, Riebesell, U, Packard, TT, Gomez, MGet access
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2020)
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76by Osma, N, Vargas, CA, Alguero-Muniz, M, Bach, LT, Gomez, M, Horn, HG, Ludwig, A, Packard, TT, Riebesell, U, Romero-Kutzner, V, Taucher, J, Fernandez-Urruzola, IGet access
Published in Science of The Total Environment (2022)
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77by Osma, N, Vargas, CA, lguero-Muniz, M, Bach, LT, Gomez, M, Horn, HG, Ludwig, A, Packard, TT, Riebesell, U, Romero-Kutzner, V, Taucher, J, Fernandez-Urruzola, IGet access
Published in Science of The Total Environment (2022)
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78by Mayte Tames-Espinosa, Ico Martínez, Vanesa Romero-Kutzner, Josep Coca, María Algueró-Muñiz, Henriette G. Horn, Andrea Ludwig, Jan Taucher, Lennart Bach, Ulf Riebesell, Theodore T. Packard, May GómezGet access
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2020)
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79by Mayte Tames-Espinosa, Ico Martínez, Vanesa Romero-Kutzner, Josep Coca, María Algueró-Muñiz, Henriette G. Horn, Andrea Ludwig, Jan Taucher, Lennart Bach, Ulf Riebesell, Theodore T. Packard, May GómezGet access
Published 2020
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80by Tames-Espinosa, Mayte, Martínez, Ico, Romero-Kutzner, Vanesa, Coca, Josep, Algueró-Muñiz, María, Horn, Henriette G., Ludwig, Andrea, Taucher, Jan, Bach, Lennart, Riebesell, Ulf, Packard, Theodore T., Gómez, MayGet access
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2020)
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