Oceanography
![6}} undertook the first global marine research expedition in 1872.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Challenger.jpg)
Oceanography ('' ()|ocean||' ()|writing}}), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science''', is the scientific study of the ocean. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology. Provided by Wikipedia
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5341by Griffies, Stephen M., Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Durack, Paul J., Adcroft, Alistair J., Balaji, V., Böning, Claus W., Chassignet, Eric P., Curchitser, Enrique, Deshayes, Julie, Drange, Helge, Fox-Kemper, Baylor, Gleckler, Peter J., Gregory, Jonathan M., Haak, Helmuth, Hallberg, Robert W., Heimbach, Patrick, Hewitt, Helene T., Holland, David M., Ilyina, Tatiana, Jungclaus, Johann H., Komuro, Yoshiki, Krasting, John P., Large, William G., Marsland, Simon J., Masina, Simona, Mcdougall, Trevor J., Nurser, A. J. George, Orr, James C., Pirani, Anna, Qiao, Fangli, Stouffer, Ronald J., Taylor, Karl E., Tréguier, Anne-Marie, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Uotila, Petteri, Valdivieso, Maria, Wang, Qiang, Winton, Michael, Yeager, Stephen G.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2016)
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5342by Séférian, Roland, Bopp, Laurent, Gehlen, Marion, Orr, James C., Éthé, Christian, Cadule, Patricia, Aumont, Olivier, Salas y Mélia, David, Voldoire, Aurore, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Climate Dynamics (2013)
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5343by Taylor, John R., Bachman, Scott, Stamper, Megan, Hosegood, Phil, Adams, Katherine A., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Torres, RicardoContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Science Advances (2018)
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5344by Taylor, John R., Bachman, Scott, Stamper, Megan, Hosegood, Phil, Adams, Katherine A., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Torres, RicardoContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Science Advances (2018)
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5345by Benetti, Marion, Reverdin, Gilles, Lique, Camille, Yashayaev, Igor, Holliday, Naomi Penny, Tynan, Eithne, Torres-Valdes, S., Lherminier, Pascale, Tréguer, Paul, Sarthou, GéraldineContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2017)
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5346by Benetti, Marion, Reverdin, Gilles, Lique, Camille, Yashayaev, Igor, Holliday, Naomi Penny, Tynan, Eithne, Torres-Valdes, S., Lherminier, Pascale, Tréguer, Paul, Sarthou, GéraldineContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2017)
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5347by Benetti, Marion, Reverdin, Gilles, Lique, Camille, Yashayaev, Igor, Holliday, Naomi Penny, Tynan, Eithne, Torres-Valdes, S., Lherminier, Pascale, Tréguer, Paul, Sarthou, GéraldineContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2017)
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5348by Benetti, Marion, Reverdin, Gilles, Lique, Camille, Yashayaev, Igor, Holliday, Naomi Penny, Tynan, Eithne, Torres-Valdes, S., Lherminier, Pascale, Tréguer, Paul, Sarthou, GéraldineContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2017)
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5349by Benetti, Marion, Reverdin, Gilles, Lique, Camille, Yashayaev, Igor, Holliday, Naomi Penny, Tynan, Eithne, Torres-Valdes, S., Lherminier, Pascale, Tréguer, Paul, Sarthou, GéraldineContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2017)
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5350by Séférian, Roland, Bopp, Laurent, Gehlen, Marion, Orr, James C., Éthé, Christian, Cadule, Patricia, Aumont, Olivier, Salas y Mélia, David, Voldoire, Aurore, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Climate Dynamics (2013)
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5351by Taylor, John R., Bachman, Scott, Stamper, Megan, Hosegood, Phil, Adams, Katherine A., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Torres, RicardoContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Science Advances (2018)
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5352by Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne Corinne, Rödenbeck, Christian, Bernardello, Raffaele, Bopp, Laurent, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Gehlen, Marion, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana V., Keeling, Ralph F., Landschützer, Peter, Manning, Andrew C., Patara, Lavinia, Resplandy, Laure, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Watson, Andrew J., Wright, Rebecca Mary, Zeng, J.Contributors: “... Institution of Oceanography from the US NSF and NOAA, most recently OPP-1922922 and NA20OAR4320278...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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5353by Mayot, Nicolas, Le Quéré, Corinne Corinne, Rödenbeck, Christian, Bernardello, Raffaele, Bopp, Laurent, Djeutchouang, Laique M., Gehlen, Marion, Gregor, Luke, Gruber, Nicolas, Hauck, Judith, Iida, Yosuke, Ilyina, Tatiana V., Keeling, Ralph F., Landschützer, Peter, Manning, Andrew C., Patara, Lavinia, Resplandy, Laure, Schwinger, Jörg, Séférian, Roland, Watson, Andrew J., Wright, Rebecca Mary, Zeng, J.Contributors: “... Institution of Oceanography from the US NSF and NOAA, most recently OPP-1922922 and NA20OAR4320278...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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5354by Taylor, John R., Bachman, Scott, Stamper, Megan, Hosegood, Phil, Adams, Katherine A., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Torres, RicardoContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Science Advances (2018)
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5355by Séférian, Roland, Bopp, Laurent, Gehlen, Marion, Orr, James C., Éthé, Christian, Cadule, Patricia, Aumont, Olivier, Salas y Mélia, David, Voldoire, Aurore, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Climate Dynamics (2013)
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5356by Taylor, John R., Bachman, Scott, Stamper, Megan, Hosegood, Phil, Adams, Katherine A., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Torres, RicardoContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Science Advances (2018)
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5357by Taylor, John R., Bachman, Scott, Stamper, Megan, Hosegood, Phil, Adams, Katherine A., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Torres, RicardoContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Science Advances (2018)
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5358by Séférian, Roland, Bopp, Laurent, Gehlen, Marion, Orr, James C., Éthé, Christian, Cadule, Patricia, Aumont, Olivier, Salas y Mélia, David, Voldoire, Aurore, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Climate Dynamics (2013)
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5359by Séférian, Roland, Bopp, Laurent, Gehlen, Marion, Orr, James C., Éthé, Christian, Cadule, Patricia, Aumont, Olivier, Salas y Mélia, David, Voldoire, Aurore, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Climate Dynamics (2013)
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5360by Séférian, Roland, Bopp, Laurent, Gehlen, Marion, Orr, James C., Éthé, Christian, Cadule, Patricia, Aumont, Olivier, Salas y Mélia, David, Voldoire, Aurore, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Climate Dynamics (2013)
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