Oceanography
![6}} undertook the first global marine research expedition in 1872.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Challenger.jpg)
Oceanography ('' ()|ocean||' ()|writing}}), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science''', is the scientific study of the ocean. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology. Provided by Wikipedia
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4641by Calov, R., Greve, R., Abe-Ouchi, A., Bueler, E., Huybrechts, P., Johnson, J. V., Pattyn, F., Pollard, D., Ritz, C., Saito, F., Tarasov, L.Contributors: “...Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography...”
Published in Journal of Glaciology (2010)
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4642by Foppert, Annie, Rintoul, Stephen R., Purkey, Sarah G., Zilberman, Nathalie, Kobayashi, Taiyo, Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Wijk, Esmee M., Wallace, Luke O.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2021)
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4643by Levy, Hila, Fiddaman, Steven, Vianna, Juliana, Noll, Daly, Clucas, Gemma, Sidhu, Jasmine, Polito, Michael, Bost, Charles, Phillips, Richard, Crofts, Sarah, Miller, Gary, Pistorius, Pierre, Bonadonna, Francesco, Le Bohec, Céline, Barbosa, Andrés, Trathan, Phil, Raya Rey, Andrea, Frantz, Laurent, Hart, Tom, Smith, AdrianContributors: “...Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences...”
Published in Molecular Biology and Evolution (2020)
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4644by Langehaug, H. R., Rhines, P. B., Eldevik, T., Mignot, Juliette, Lohmann, KatjaContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2012)
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4645by Langehaug, H. R., Rhines, P. B., Eldevik, T., Mignot, Juliette, Lohmann, KatjaContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2012)
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4646by Langehaug, H. R., Rhines, P. B., Eldevik, T., Mignot, Juliette, Lohmann, KatjaContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2012)
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4647by Langehaug, H. R., Rhines, P. B., Eldevik, T., Mignot, Juliette, Lohmann, KatjaContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2012)
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4648by Langehaug, H. R., Rhines, P. B., Eldevik, T., Mignot, Juliette, Lohmann, KatjaContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2012)
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4649by Langehaug, H. R., Rhines, P. B., Eldevik, T., Mignot, Juliette, Lohmann, KatjaContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2012)
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4650by Lévy, Marina, Lengaigne, Matthieu, Bopp, Laurent, Vincent, Emmanuel M., Madec, Gurvan, Éthé, Christian, Kumar, D., Sarma, V. V. S. S.Contributors: “...CSIR National Institute of Oceanography India (NIO)...”
Published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2012)
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4651by Neetu, Suresh, Lengaigne, Matthieu, Menon, H. B., Vialard, Jérôme, Mangeas, M., Menkès, Christophe E., Ali, M. M., Suresh, Iyyappan, Knaff, J. A.Contributors: “...CSIR National Institute of Oceanography India (NIO)...”
Published in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (2017)
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4652by Neetu, Suresh, Lengaigne, Matthieu, Menon, H. B., Vialard, Jérôme, Mangeas, M., Menkès, Christophe E., Ali, M. M., Suresh, Iyyappan, Knaff, J. A.Contributors: “...CSIR National Institute of Oceanography India (NIO)...”
Published in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (2017)
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4653by Neetu, Suresh, Lengaigne, Matthieu, Menon, H. B., Vialard, Jérôme, Mangeas, M., Menkès, Christophe E., Ali, M. M., Suresh, Iyyappan, Knaff, J. A.Contributors: “...CSIR National Institute of Oceanography India (NIO)...”
Published in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (2017)
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4654by Hirschi, Joël J.-M., Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Blaker, Adam T., Sinha, Bablu, Coward, Andrew C., Hyder, Pat, Biastoch, Arne, Böning, Claus W., Barnier, Bernard, Penduff, Thierry, Garcia, Ixetl, Fransner, Filippa, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre (NOC)...”
Published in Journal of Physical Oceanography (2019)
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4655by Neetu, Suresh, Lengaigne, Matthieu, Menon, H. B., Vialard, Jérôme, Mangeas, M., Menkès, Christophe E., Ali, M. M., Suresh, Iyyappan, Knaff, J. A.Contributors: “...CSIR National Institute of Oceanography India (NIO)...”
Published in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (2017)
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4656by Neetu, Suresh, Lengaigne, Matthieu, Menon, H. B., Vialard, Jérôme, Mangeas, M., Menkès, Christophe E., Ali, M. M., Suresh, Iyyappan, Knaff, J. A.Contributors: “...CSIR National Institute of Oceanography India (NIO)...”
Published in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (2017)
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4657by Neetu, Suresh, Lengaigne, Matthieu, Menon, H. B., Vialard, Jérôme, Mangeas, M., Menkès, Christophe E., Ali, M. M., Suresh, Iyyappan, Knaff, J. A.Contributors: “...CSIR National Institute of Oceanography India (NIO)...”
Published in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society (2017)
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4658by Lévy, Marina, Lengaigne, Matthieu, Bopp, Laurent, Vincent, Emmanuel M., Madec, Gurvan, Éthé, Christian, Kumar, D., Sarma, V. V. S. S.Contributors: “...CSIR National Institute of Oceanography India (NIO)...”
Published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2012)
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4659by Mock, Thomas, Otillar, Robert P, Strauss, Jan, Mcmullan, Mark, Paajanen, Pirita, Schmutz, Jeremy, Salamov, Asaf, Sanges, Remo, Toseland, Andrew, Ward, Ben J, Allen, Andrew E, Dupont, Chris, Frickenhaus, Stephan, Maumus, Florian, Veluchamy, Alaguraj, Wu, Taoyang, Barry, Kerrie W, Falciatore, Angela, Ferrante, Maria I, Fortunato, Antonio E, Glöckner, Gernot, Gruber, Ansgar, Hipkin, Rachel, Janech, Michael G, Kroth, Peter G, Leese, Florian, Lindquist, Erika A, Lyon, Barbara R, Martin, Joel, Mayer, Chris, Parker, Micaela, Quesneville, Hadi, Raymond, James A, Uhlig, Chris, Valas, Ruben E, Valentin, Klaus U, Worden, Alexandra Z, Armbrust, E Virginia, Clark, Matthew D, Bowler, Chris, Green, Beverley R, Moulton, Vincent, van Oosterhout, Cock, Grigoriev, Igor VContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Nature (2017)
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4660by Barthélemy, Antoine, Fichefet, Thierry, Goosse, Hugues, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Ocean Modelling (2016)
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