Oceanography
![6}} undertook the first global marine research expedition in 1872.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Challenger.jpg)
Oceanography ('' ()|ocean||' ()|writing}}), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science''', is the scientific study of the ocean. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology. Provided by Wikipedia
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4441by Tagliabue, Alessandro, Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Bowie, Andrew R., Lévy, Marina, Swart, Sebastiaan, Boyd, Philip W.Contributors: “...Department of Oceanography Cape Town...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2014)
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4442by Hutchinson, Katherine, Deshayes, Julie, Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Dowdeswell, Julian, de Lavergne, Casimir, Ansorge, Isabelle J., Luyt, Hermann, Henry, Tahlia, Fawcett, Sarah E.Contributors: “...Department of Oceanography Cape Town...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2020)
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4443by Jones, Daniel C., Meijers, Andrew J. S., Shuckburgh, Emily, Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Haynes, Peter, Mcaufield, Ewa K., Mazloff, Matthew R.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2016)
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4444by Meredith, Michael P., Povl Abrahamsen, E., Alexander Haumann, F., Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol, Barham, Mark, Firing, Yvonne L., King, Brian A., Brown, Peter, Alexander Brearley, J., Meijers, Andrew J. S., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Akhoudas, Camille, Tarling, Geraint A.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre (NOC)...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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4445by Meredith, Michael P., Povl Abrahamsen, E., Alexander Haumann, F., Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol, Barham, Mark, Firing, Yvonne L., King, Brian A., Brown, Peter, Alexander Brearley, J., Meijers, Andrew J. S., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Akhoudas, Camille, Tarling, Geraint A.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre (NOC)...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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4446by Meredith, Michael P., Povl Abrahamsen, E., Alexander Haumann, F., Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol, Barham, Mark, Firing, Yvonne L., King, Brian A., Brown, Peter, Alexander Brearley, J., Meijers, Andrew J. S., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Akhoudas, Camille, Tarling, Geraint A.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre (NOC)...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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4447by Meredith, Michael P., Povl Abrahamsen, E., Alexander Haumann, F., Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol, Barham, Mark, Firing, Yvonne L., King, Brian A., Brown, Peter, Alexander Brearley, J., Meijers, Andrew J. S., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Akhoudas, Camille, Tarling, Geraint A.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre (NOC)...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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4448by Meredith, Michael P., Povl Abrahamsen, E., Alexander Haumann, F., Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol, Barham, Mark, Firing, Yvonne L., King, Brian A., Brown, Peter, Alexander Brearley, J., Meijers, Andrew J. S., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Akhoudas, Camille, Tarling, Geraint A.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre (NOC)...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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4449by Meredith, Michael P., Povl Abrahamsen, E., Alexander Haumann, F., Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol, Barham, Mark, Firing, Yvonne L., King, Brian A., Brown, Peter, Alexander Brearley, J., Meijers, Andrew J. S., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Akhoudas, Camille, Tarling, Geraint A.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre (NOC)...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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4450by Meredith, Michael P., Povl Abrahamsen, E., Alexander Haumann, F., Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol, Barham, Mark, Firing, Yvonne L., King, Brian A., Brown, Peter, Alexander Brearley, J., Meijers, Andrew J. S., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Akhoudas, Camille, Tarling, Geraint A.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre (NOC)...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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4451by Meredith, Michael P., Povl Abrahamsen, E., Alexander Haumann, F., Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol, Barham, Mark, Firing, Yvonne L., King, Brian A., Brown, Peter, Alexander Brearley, J., Meijers, Andrew J. S., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Akhoudas, Camille, Tarling, Geraint A.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre (NOC)...”
Published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences (2023)
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4452by Barthélemy, Antoine, Fichefet, Thierry, Goosse, Hugues, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Ocean Modelling (2015)
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4453by Barthélemy, Antoine, Fichefet, Thierry, Goosse, Hugues, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Ocean Modelling (2015)
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4454by Barthélemy, Antoine, Fichefet, Thierry, Goosse, Hugues, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Ocean Modelling (2015)
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4455by Barthélemy, Antoine, Fichefet, Thierry, Goosse, Hugues, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Ocean Modelling (2015)
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4456by Barthélemy, Antoine, Fichefet, Thierry, Goosse, Hugues, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Ocean Modelling (2015)
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4457by Barthélemy, Antoine, Fichefet, Thierry, Goosse, Hugues, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Ocean Modelling (2015)
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4458by Barthélemy, Antoine, Fichefet, Thierry, Goosse, Hugues, Madec, GurvanContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Ocean Modelling (2015)
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4459by Álvarez, M., Lo Monaco, Claire, Tanhua, Toste, Yool, A., Oschlies, Andreas, Bullister, John L., Goyet, Catherine, Metzl, Nicolas, Touratier, Franck, Mcdonagh, E., Bryden, H. L.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2009)
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4460by Álvarez, M., Lo Monaco, Claire, Tanhua, Toste, Yool, A., Oschlies, Andreas, Bullister, John L., Goyet, Catherine, Metzl, Nicolas, Touratier, Franck, Mcdonagh, E., Bryden, H. L.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2009)
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