Oceanography
![6}} undertook the first global marine research expedition in 1872.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Challenger.jpg)
Oceanography ('' ()|ocean||' ()|writing}}), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science''', is the scientific study of the ocean. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology. Provided by Wikipedia
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4401by Su, Liang, Ren, Jian, Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Bai, Youcheng, Jalali, Bassem, Li, Zhongqiao, Jin, Haiyan, Astakhov, Anatolii, S, Shi, Xuefa, Chen, JianfangContributors: “...Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry...”
Published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (2022)
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4402by Su, Liang, Ren, Jian, Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Bai, Youcheng, Jalali, Bassem, Li, Zhongqiao, Jin, Haiyan, Astakhov, Anatolii, S, Shi, Xuefa, Chen, JianfangContributors: “...Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry...”
Published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (2022)
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4403by Su, Liang, Ren, Jian, Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Bai, Youcheng, Jalali, Bassem, Li, Zhongqiao, Jin, Haiyan, Astakhov, Anatolii, S, Shi, Xuefa, Chen, JianfangContributors: “...Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Metallogeny, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry...”
Published in Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (2022)
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4404by Le Gland, Guillaume, Mémery, Laurent, Aumont, Olivier, Resplandy, LaureContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2017)
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4405by Le Gland, Guillaume, Mémery, Laurent, Aumont, Olivier, Resplandy, LaureContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2017)
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4406by Le Gland, Guillaume, Mémery, Laurent, Aumont, Olivier, Resplandy, LaureContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2017)
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4407by Le Gland, Guillaume, Mémery, Laurent, Aumont, Olivier, Resplandy, LaureContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2017)
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4408by Le Gland, Guillaume, Mémery, Laurent, Aumont, Olivier, Resplandy, LaureContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2017)
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4409by Le Gland, Guillaume, Mémery, Laurent, Aumont, Olivier, Resplandy, LaureContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2017)
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4410by Griffies, Stephen M., Yin, Jianjun, Durack, Paul J., Goddard, Paul, Bates, Susan C., Behrens, Erik, Bentsen, Mats, Bi, Daohua, Biastoch, Arne, Boning, Claus W., Bozec, Alexandre, Chassignet, Eric, Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Danilov, Sergey, Domingues, Catia M., Drange, Helge, Farneti, Riccardo, Fernandez, Elodie, Greatbatch, Richard J., Holland, David M., Ilicak, Mehmet, Large, William G., Lorbacher, Katja, Lu, Jianhua, Marsland, Simon J., Mishra, Akhilesh, Nurser, A. J. George, Salas y Melia, David, Palter, Jaime B., Samuels, Bonita L., Schroter, Jens, Schwarzkopf, Franziska U., Sidorenko, Dmitry, Treguier, Anne-Marie, Tseng, Yu-Heng, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Uotila, Petteri, Valcke, Sophie, Voldoire, Aurore, Qian, Wang, Winton, Michael, Zhang, XuebinContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Ocean Modelling (2014)
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4411by Griffies, Stephen M., Yin, Jianjun, Durack, Paul J., Goddard, Paul, Bates, Susan C., Behrens, Erik, Bentsen, Mats, Bi, Daohua, Biastoch, Arne, Boning, Claus W., Bozec, Alexandre, Chassignet, Eric, Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Danilov, Sergey, Domingues, Catia M., Drange, Helge, Farneti, Riccardo, Fernandez, Elodie, Greatbatch, Richard J., Holland, David M., Ilicak, Mehmet, Large, William G., Lorbacher, Katja, Lu, Jianhua, Marsland, Simon J., Mishra, Akhilesh, Nurser, A. J. George, Salas y Melia, David, Palter, Jaime B., Samuels, Bonita L., Schroter, Jens, Schwarzkopf, Franziska U., Sidorenko, Dmitry, Treguier, Anne-Marie, Tseng, Yu-Heng, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Uotila, Petteri, Valcke, Sophie, Voldoire, Aurore, Qian, Wang, Winton, Michael, Zhang, XuebinContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Ocean Modelling (2014)
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4412by Griffies, Stephen M., Yin, Jianjun, Durack, Paul J., Goddard, Paul, Bates, Susan C., Behrens, Erik, Bentsen, Mats, Bi, Daohua, Biastoch, Arne, Boning, Claus W., Bozec, Alexandre, Chassignet, Eric, Danabasoglu, Gokhan, Danilov, Sergey, Domingues, Catia M., Drange, Helge, Farneti, Riccardo, Fernandez, Elodie, Greatbatch, Richard J., Holland, David M., Ilicak, Mehmet, Large, William G., Lorbacher, Katja, Lu, Jianhua, Marsland, Simon J., Mishra, Akhilesh, Nurser, A. J. George, Salas y Melia, David, Palter, Jaime B., Samuels, Bonita L., Schroter, Jens, Schwarzkopf, Franziska U., Sidorenko, Dmitry, Treguier, Anne-Marie, Tseng, Yu-Heng, Tsujino, Hiroyuki, Uotila, Petteri, Valcke, Sophie, Voldoire, Aurore, Qian, Wang, Winton, Michael, Zhang, XuebinContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Ocean Modelling (2014)
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4413by Le Gland, Guillaume, Mémery, Laurent, Aumont, Olivier, Resplandy, LaureContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2017)
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4414by Le Gland, Guillaume, Mémery, Laurent, Aumont, Olivier, Resplandy, LaureContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2017)
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4415by Frinault, Bétina, Christie, Frazer, Fawcett, Sarah, Flynn, Raquel, Hutchinson, Katherine, Montes Strevens, Chloë, Taylor, Michelle, Woodall, Lucy, Barnes, DavidContributors: “...Department of Oceanography Cape Town...”
Published in Biology (2022)
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4416by Beadling, Rebecca, L, Russell, J., L, Stouffer, R., J, Mazloff, M., Talley, L., Goodman, P., J, Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Hewitt, H., T, Hyder, P., Pandde, AmarjiitContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Journal of Climate (2020)
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4417by Dufresne, Alexis, Ostrowski, Martin, Scanlan, David J., Mazard, Sophie, Palenik, Brian P., Paulsen, Ian T, Tandeau de Marsac, Nicole, Wincker, Patrick, Dossat, Carole, Ferriera, Steve, Johnson, Justin, Post, Anton F., Hess, Wolfgang R., Partensky, Frédéric, Garczarek, LaurenceContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Genome Biology (2008)
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4418by Dufresne, Alexis, Ostrowski, Martin, Scanlan, David J., Mazard, Sophie, Palenik, Brian P., Paulsen, Ian T, Tandeau de Marsac, Nicole, Wincker, Patrick, Dossat, Carole, Ferriera, Steve, Johnson, Justin, Post, Anton F., Hess, Wolfgang R., Partensky, Frédéric, Garczarek, LaurenceContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Genome Biology (2008)
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4419by Dufresne, Alexis, Ostrowski, Martin, Scanlan, David J., Mazard, Sophie, Palenik, Brian P., Paulsen, Ian T, Tandeau de Marsac, Nicole, Wincker, Patrick, Dossat, Carole, Ferriera, Steve, Johnson, Justin, Post, Anton F., Hess, Wolfgang R., Partensky, Frédéric, Garczarek, LaurenceContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Genome Biology (2008)
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4420by Dufresne, Alexis, Ostrowski, Martin, Scanlan, David J., Mazard, Sophie, Palenik, Brian P., Paulsen, Ian T, Tandeau de Marsac, Nicole, Wincker, Patrick, Dossat, Carole, Ferriera, Steve, Johnson, Justin, Post, Anton F., Hess, Wolfgang R., Partensky, Frédéric, Garczarek, LaurenceContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Genome Biology (2008)
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