Oceanography
![6}} undertook the first global marine research expedition in 1872.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Challenger.jpg)
Oceanography ('' ()|ocean||' ()|writing}}), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science''', is the scientific study of the ocean. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology. Provided by Wikipedia
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4161by Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Flores, Manuel, Lefèvre, NathalieContributors: “...Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN)...”
Published in Scientific Reports (2017)
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4162by Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Flores, Manuel, Lefèvre, NathalieContributors: “...Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN)...”
Published in Scientific Reports (2017)
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4163by Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Flores, Manuel, Lefèvre, NathalieContributors: “...Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN)...”
Published in Scientific Reports (2017)
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4164by Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Flores, Manuel, Lefèvre, NathalieContributors: “...Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN)...”
Published in Scientific Reports (2017)
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4165by Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Flores, Manuel, Lefèvre, NathalieContributors: “...Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN)...”
Published in Scientific Reports (2017)
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4166by Ibánhez, J. Severino P., Flores, Manuel, Lefèvre, NathalieContributors: “...Department of Oceanography (DOCEAN)...”
Published in Scientific Reports (2017)
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4167by Cole, Theresa, Dutoit, Ludovic, Dussex, Nicolas, Hart, Tom, Alexander, Alana, Younger, Jane, Clucas, Gemma, Frugone, María José, Cherel, Yves, Cuthbert, Richard, Ellenberg, Ursula, Fiddaman, Steven, Hiscock, Johanna, Houston, David, Jouventin, Pierre, Mattern, Thomas, Miller, Gary, L., Miskelly, Colin, Nolan, Paul, Polito, Michael, Quillfeldt, Petra, Ryan, Peter, Y. A., Smith, Adrian, Tennyson, Alan, Thompson, David, Wienecke, Barbara, Vianna, Juliana, Waters, JonathanContributors: “...Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences...”
Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2019)
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4168by Zika, Jan D., Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Meijers, Andrew, Naveira Garabato, Alberto C., Watson, Andrew J., Messias, Marie-José, King, Brian A.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Ocean Science (2020)
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4169by Aroucha, L.C., Veleda, Dóris, Lopes, F. S., Tyaquiçã, Pedro, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Araujo, MoacyrContributors: “...Laboratory of Physical, Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography (LOFEC)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2020)
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4170by Aroucha, L.C., Veleda, Dóris, Lopes, F. S., Tyaquiçã, Pedro, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Araujo, MoacyrContributors: “...Laboratory of Physical, Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography (LOFEC)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2020)
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4171by Timmermann, Axel, Okumura, Y., An, Soon-Il, Clement, Amy, Dong, B., Guilyardi, Éric, Hu, A., Jungclaus, J. H., Renold, M., Stocker, Thomas F., Stouffer, Ronald J., Sutton, Rowan, Xie, S.-P., Yin, J.Contributors: “...Division of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography Miami (MPO/RSMAS)...”
Published in Journal of Climate (2007)
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4172by Timmermann, Axel, Okumura, Y., An, Soon-Il, Clement, Amy, Dong, B., Guilyardi, Éric, Hu, A., Jungclaus, J. H., Renold, M., Stocker, Thomas F., Stouffer, Ronald J., Sutton, Rowan, Xie, S.-P., Yin, J.Contributors: “...Division of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography Miami (MPO/RSMAS)...”
Published in Journal of Climate (2007)
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4173by Aroucha, L.C., Veleda, Dóris, Lopes, F. S., Tyaquiçã, Pedro, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Araujo, MoacyrContributors: “...Laboratory of Physical, Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography (LOFEC)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2020)
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4174by Nicholson, Sarah-Anne, Lévy, Marina, Llort, Joan, Swart, Sebastiaan, Monteiro, Pedro M. S.Contributors: “...Department of Oceanography Cape Town...”
Published in Geophysical Research Letters (2016)
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4175by Aroucha, L.C., Veleda, Dóris, Lopes, F. S., Tyaquiçã, Pedro, Lefèvre, Nathalie, Araujo, MoacyrContributors: “...Laboratory of Physical, Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography (LOFEC)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2020)
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4176by Bai, Youcheng, Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Chen, Jianfang, Klein, Vincent, Jin, Haiyan, Ren, Jian, Li, Hongliang, Xue, Bin, Ji, Zhongqiang, Zhuang, Yanpei, Zhao, MeixunContributors: “...Second Institute of Oceanography...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2019)
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4177by Bai, Youcheng, Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Chen, Jianfang, Klein, Vincent, Jin, Haiyan, Ren, Jian, Li, Hongliang, Xue, Bin, Ji, Zhongqiang, Zhuang, Yanpei, Zhao, MeixunContributors: “...Second Institute of Oceanography...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2019)
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4178by Bai, Youcheng, Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Chen, Jianfang, Klein, Vincent, Jin, Haiyan, Ren, Jian, Li, Hongliang, Xue, Bin, Ji, Zhongqiang, Zhuang, Yanpei, Zhao, MeixunContributors: “...Second Institute of Oceanography...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2019)
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4179by Bai, Youcheng, Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Chen, Jianfang, Klein, Vincent, Jin, Haiyan, Ren, Jian, Li, Hongliang, Xue, Bin, Ji, Zhongqiang, Zhuang, Yanpei, Zhao, MeixunContributors: “...Second Institute of Oceanography...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2019)
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4180by Bai, Youcheng, Sicre, Marie-Alexandrine, Chen, Jianfang, Klein, Vincent, Jin, Haiyan, Ren, Jian, Li, Hongliang, Xue, Bin, Ji, Zhongqiang, Zhuang, Yanpei, Zhao, MeixunContributors: “...Second Institute of Oceanography...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2019)
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