Oceanography
![6}} undertook the first global marine research expedition in 1872.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Challenger.jpg)
Oceanography ('' ()|ocean||' ()|writing}}), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science''', is the scientific study of the ocean. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology. Provided by Wikipedia
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3941by Piroddi, Chiara, Akoglu, Ekin, Andonegi, Eider, Bentley, Jacob, Celić, Igor, Coll, Marta, Dimarchopoulou, Donna, Friedland, René, de Mutsert, Kim, Girardin, Raphael, Garcia-Gorriz, Elisa, Grizzetti, Bruna, Hernvann, Pierre‐yves, Heymans, Johanna, Müller-Karulis, Bärbel, Libralato, Simone, Lynam, Christopher, Macias, Diego, Steenbeek, Jeroen, Miladinova, Svetla, Moullec, Fabien, Palialexis, Andreas, Tsikliras, Athanassios, Parn, Ove, Serpetti, Natalia, Solidoro, Cosimo, Stips, Adolf, Tomczak, Maciej, Travers-Trolet, MorganeContributors: “...National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS)...”
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2021)
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3942by Piroddi, Chiara, Akoglu, Ekin, Andonegi, Eider, Bentley, Jacob, Celić, Igor, Coll, Marta, Dimarchopoulou, Donna, Friedland, René, de Mutsert, Kim, Girardin, Raphael, Garcia-Gorriz, Elisa, Grizzetti, Bruna, Hernvann, Pierre‐yves, Heymans, Johanna, Müller-Karulis, Bärbel, Libralato, Simone, Lynam, Christopher, Macias, Diego, Steenbeek, Jeroen, Miladinova, Svetla, Moullec, Fabien, Palialexis, Andreas, Tsikliras, Athanassios, Parn, Ove, Serpetti, Natalia, Solidoro, Cosimo, Stips, Adolf, Tomczak, Maciej, Travers-Trolet, MorganeContributors: “...National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics (OGS)...”
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2021)
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3943by Barthel, Alice, Agosta, Cécile, Little, Christopher, Hattermann, Tore, Jourdain, Nicolas, Goelzer, Heiko, Nowicki, Sophie, Seroussi, Hélène, Straneo, Fiammetta, Bracegirdle, ThomasContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2020)
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3944by Konovalov, Igor, B, Lvova, Daria, A, Beekmann, Matthias, Jethva, Hiren, Mikhailov, Eugene, F, Paris, Jean-Daniel, Belan, Boris, Kozlov, Valerii, S, Ciais, Philippe, Andreae, Meinrat, O.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2018)
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3945by Fain, Xavier, Ferrari, Christophe, P., Dommergue, Aurélien, Albert, Mary R., Battle, Mark, Severinghaus, Jeff, Arnaud, Laurent, Barnola, Jean-Marc, Cairns, Warren, R. L., Barbante, Carlo, Boutron, Claude, F.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2009)
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3946by Barthel, Alice, Agosta, Cécile, Little, Christopher, Hattermann, Tore, Jourdain, Nicolas, Goelzer, Heiko, Nowicki, Sophie, Seroussi, Hélène, Straneo, Fiammetta, Bracegirdle, ThomasContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2020)
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3947by Messias, M. -J., Watson, A. J., Johannessen, T., Oliver, K. I. C., Olsson, K. A., Fogelqvist, E., Olafsson, J., Bacon, S., Balle, J., Bergman, N., Budéus, G., Danielsen, M., Gascard, Jean-Claude, Jeansson, E., Olafsdottir, S. R., Simonsen, K., Tanhua, T., van Scoy, K., Ledwell, J. R.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2008)
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3948by Messias, M. -J., Watson, A. J., Johannessen, T., Oliver, K. I. C., Olsson, K. A., Fogelqvist, E., Olafsson, J., Bacon, S., Balle, J., Bergman, N., Budéus, G., Danielsen, M., Gascard, Jean-Claude, Jeansson, E., Olafsdottir, S. R., Simonsen, K., Tanhua, T., van Scoy, K., Ledwell, J. R.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2008)
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3949by Messias, M. -J., Watson, A. J., Johannessen, T., Oliver, K. I. C., Olsson, K. A., Fogelqvist, E., Olafsson, J., Bacon, S., Balle, J., Bergman, N., Budéus, G., Danielsen, M., Gascard, Jean-Claude, Jeansson, E., Olafsdottir, S. R., Simonsen, K., Tanhua, T., van Scoy, K., Ledwell, J. R.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2008)
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3950by Messias, M. -J., Watson, A. J., Johannessen, T., Oliver, K. I. C., Olsson, K. A., Fogelqvist, E., Olafsson, J., Bacon, S., Balle, J., Bergman, N., Budéus, G., Danielsen, M., Gascard, Jean-Claude, Jeansson, E., Olafsdottir, S. R., Simonsen, K., Tanhua, T., van Scoy, K., Ledwell, J. R.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2008)
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3951by Messias, M. -J., Watson, A. J., Johannessen, T., Oliver, K. I. C., Olsson, K. A., Fogelqvist, E., Olafsson, J., Bacon, S., Balle, J., Bergman, N., Budéus, G., Danielsen, M., Gascard, Jean-Claude, Jeansson, E., Olafsdottir, S. R., Simonsen, K., Tanhua, T., van Scoy, K., Ledwell, J. R.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2008)
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3952by Messias, M. -J., Watson, A. J., Johannessen, T., Oliver, K. I. C., Olsson, K. A., Fogelqvist, E., Olafsson, J., Bacon, S., Balle, J., Bergman, N., Budéus, G., Danielsen, M., Gascard, Jean-Claude, Jeansson, E., Olafsdottir, S. R., Simonsen, K., Tanhua, T., van Scoy, K., Ledwell, J. R.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2008)
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3953by Polyakov, Igor V., Timokhov, Leonid A., Dmitrenko, Igor A., Ivanov, Vladimir V., Simmons, Harper L., Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka, Dickson, Robert, Fahrbach, Eberhard, Fortier, Louis, Gascard, Jean-Claude, Hölemann, Jens, Holliday, Naomi Penny, Hansen, Edmond, Mauritzen, Cecilie, Piechura, Jan, Pickart, Robert S., Schauer, Ursula, Steele, Michael, Walczowski, WaldemarContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union (2007)
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3954by Konovalov, Igor, B, Lvova, Daria, A, Beekmann, Matthias, Jethva, Hiren, Mikhailov, Eugene, F, Paris, Jean-Daniel, Belan, Boris, Kozlov, Valerii, S, Ciais, Philippe, Andreae, Meinrat, O.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2018)
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3955by Polyakov, Igor V., Timokhov, Leonid A., Dmitrenko, Igor A., Ivanov, Vladimir V., Simmons, Harper L., Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka, Dickson, Robert, Fahrbach, Eberhard, Fortier, Louis, Gascard, Jean-Claude, Hölemann, Jens, Holliday, Naomi Penny, Hansen, Edmond, Mauritzen, Cecilie, Piechura, Jan, Pickart, Robert S., Schauer, Ursula, Steele, Michael, Walczowski, WaldemarContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union (2007)
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3956by Konovalov, Igor, B, Lvova, Daria, A, Beekmann, Matthias, Jethva, Hiren, Mikhailov, Eugene, F, Paris, Jean-Daniel, Belan, Boris, Kozlov, Valerii, S, Ciais, Philippe, Andreae, Meinrat, O.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2018)
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3957by Polyakov, Igor V., Timokhov, Leonid A., Dmitrenko, Igor A., Ivanov, Vladimir V., Simmons, Harper L., Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka, Dickson, Robert, Fahrbach, Eberhard, Fortier, Louis, Gascard, Jean-Claude, Hölemann, Jens, Holliday, Naomi Penny, Hansen, Edmond, Mauritzen, Cecilie, Piechura, Jan, Pickart, Robert S., Schauer, Ursula, Steele, Michael, Walczowski, WaldemarContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union (2007)
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3958by Polyakov, Igor V., Timokhov, Leonid A., Dmitrenko, Igor A., Ivanov, Vladimir V., Simmons, Harper L., Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka, Dickson, Robert, Fahrbach, Eberhard, Fortier, Louis, Gascard, Jean-Claude, Hölemann, Jens, Holliday, Naomi Penny, Hansen, Edmond, Mauritzen, Cecilie, Piechura, Jan, Pickart, Robert S., Schauer, Ursula, Steele, Michael, Walczowski, WaldemarContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union (2007)
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3959by Polyakov, Igor V., Timokhov, Leonid A., Dmitrenko, Igor A., Ivanov, Vladimir V., Simmons, Harper L., Beszczynska-Möller, Agnieszka, Dickson, Robert, Fahrbach, Eberhard, Fortier, Louis, Gascard, Jean-Claude, Hölemann, Jens, Holliday, Naomi Penny, Hansen, Edmond, Mauritzen, Cecilie, Piechura, Jan, Pickart, Robert S., Schauer, Ursula, Steele, Michael, Walczowski, WaldemarContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union (2007)
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3960by Jahn, Alexandra, Aksenov, Yevgeny, de Cuevas, Beverly A., de Steur, L., Häkkinen, S., Hansen, Edmond, Herbaut, Christophe, Houssais, Marie-Noëlle, Karcher, Michael, Kauker, Frank, Lique, Camille, Nguyen, A., Pemberton, P., Worthen, D., Zhang, J.Contributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (2012)
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