Oceanography
![6}} undertook the first global marine research expedition in 1872.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Challenger.jpg)
Oceanography ('' ()|ocean||' ()|writing}}), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science''', is the scientific study of the ocean. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology. Provided by Wikipedia
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362by Stark, DonaldContributors: “...Oceanography...”
Published 2003
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364by Chu, Peter C.Contributors: “...Oceanography...”
Published 2004
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365by Ware, Colin, Wiley, David N., Friedlaender, Ari S., Weinrich, Mason, Hazen, Elliott L., Bocconcelli, Alessandro, Parks, Susan E., Stimpert, Alison K., Thompson, Mike A., Abernathy, KylerContributors: “...Oceanography...”
Published in Marine Mammal Science (2013)
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367by Hou, S., Chappellaz, J., Jouzel, J., Chu, Peter C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Qin, D., Raynaud, D., Mayewski, P., Lipenkov, V., Kang, S.Contributors: “...Oceanography...”
Published 2007
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368Nutrient variability during El NiƱo 1997-98 in the California current system off central Californiaby Castro, C.G., Collins, C.A., Walz, P., Pennington, J.T., Michisaki, R.P., Friederich, G., Chavez, F.P.Contributors: “...Oceanography...”
Published 2002
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369by Steger, John M., Schwing, Franklin B., Collins, Curtis A., Rosenfeld, Leslie K., Garfield, Newell, Gezgin, ErhanContributors: “...Oceanography...”
Published 2000
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370by Goericke, Ralf, Venrick, Elizabeth, Mantyla, Arnold, Hoof, Rian, Collins, Curtis, Gaxiola-Castro, Gilberto, Bograd, Steven J., Schwing, Franklin B., Peterson, William T., Marinovic, Baldo, Durazo, Reginaldo, Huyer, Adriana, Smith, Robert L., Wheeler, Patricia A., Chavez, Francisco, Lo, Nancy, Hyrenbach, K. David, Sydeman, William J.Contributors: “...Oceanography...”
Published 2005
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371by Ivanov, Leonid M., Korzhova, Tatiana P., Margolina, Tatiana M., Melnichenko, Oleg V., Chu, Peter C.Contributors: “...Oceanography...”
Published 2003
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372by Ivanov, Leonid M., Korzhova, Tatiana P., Margolina, Tatiana, Melnichenko, Oleg V., Chu, Peter C.Contributors: “...Oceanography...”
Published 2003
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