Oceanography
![6}} undertook the first global marine research expedition in 1872.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Challenger.jpg)
Oceanography ('' ()|ocean||' ()|writing}}), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science''', is the scientific study of the ocean. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology. Provided by Wikipedia
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3741by Reverdin, Gilles, Waelbroeck, Claire, Pierre, Catherine, Akhoudas, Camille, Aloisi, Giovanni, Benetti, Marion, Bourlès, Bernard, Danielsen, Magnus, Demange, Jérôme, Diverrès, Denis, Gascard, Jean-Claude, Houssais, Marie-Noëlle, Le Goff, Hervé, Lherminier, Pascale, Lo Monaco, Claire, Mercier, Herlé, Metzl, Nicolas, Morisset, Simon, Naamar, Aïcha, Reynaud, Thierry, Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Thierry, Virginie, Hartman, Susan E., Mawji, Edward W., Olafsdottir, Solveig, Kanzow, Torsten, Velo, Anton, Voelker, Antje, Yashayaev, Igor, Haumann, F. Alexander, Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol, Meredith, MichaelContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
Published in Earth System Science Data (2022)
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3742by Reverdin, Gilles, Waelbroeck, Claire, Pierre, Catherine, Akhoudas, Camille, Aloisi, Giovanni, Benetti, Marion, Bourlès, Bernard, Danielsen, Magnus, Demange, Jérôme, Diverrès, Denis, Gascard, Jean-Claude, Houssais, Marie-Noëlle, Le Goff, Hervé, Lherminier, Pascale, Lo Monaco, Claire, Mercier, Herlé, Metzl, Nicolas, Morisset, Simon, Naamar, Aïcha, Reynaud, Thierry, Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Thierry, Virginie, Hartman, Susan E., Mawji, Edward W., Olafsdottir, Solveig, Kanzow, Torsten, Velo, Anton, Voelker, Antje, Yashayaev, Igor, Haumann, F. Alexander, Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol, Meredith, MichaelContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
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3743by Reverdin, Gilles, Waelbroeck, Claire, Pierre, Catherine, Akhoudas, Camille, Aloisi, Giovanni, Benetti, Marion, Bourlès, Bernard, Danielsen, Magnus, Demange, Jérôme, Diverrès, Denis, Gascard, Jean-Claude, Houssais, Marie-Noëlle, Le Goff, Hervé, Lherminier, Pascale, Lo Monaco, Claire, Mercier, Herlé, Metzl, Nicolas, Morisset, Simon, Naamar, Aïcha, Reynaud, Thierry, Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Thierry, Virginie, Hartman, Susan E., Mawji, Edward W., Olafsdottir, Solveig, Kanzow, Torsten, Velo, Anton, Voelker, Antje, Yashayaev, Igor, Haumann, F. Alexander, Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol, Meredith, MichaelContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
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3744by Reverdin, Gilles, Waelbroeck, Claire, Pierre, Catherine, Akhoudas, Camille, Aloisi, Giovanni, Benetti, Marion, Bourlès, Bernard, Danielsen, Magnus, Demange, Jérôme, Diverrès, Denis, Gascard, Jean-Claude, Houssais, Marie-Noëlle, Le Goff, Hervé, Lherminier, Pascale, Lo Monaco, Claire, Mercier, Herlé, Metzl, Nicolas, Morisset, Simon, Naamar, Aïcha, Reynaud, Thierry, Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Thierry, Virginie, Hartman, Susan E., Mawji, Edward W., Olafsdottir, Solveig, Kanzow, Torsten, Velo, Anton, Voelker, Antje, Yashayaev, Igor, Haumann, F. Alexander, Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol, Meredith, MichaelContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
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3745by Reverdin, Gilles, Waelbroeck, Claire, Pierre, Catherine, Akhoudas, Camille, Aloisi, Giovanni, Benetti, Marion, Bourlès, Bernard, Danielsen, Magnus, Demange, Jérôme, Diverrès, Denis, Gascard, Jean-Claude, Houssais, Marie-Noëlle, Le Goff, Hervé, Lherminier, Pascale, Lo Monaco, Claire, Mercier, Herlé, Metzl, Nicolas, Morisset, Simon, Naamar, Aïcha, Reynaud, Thierry, Sallée, Jean-Baptiste, Thierry, Virginie, Hartman, Susan E., Mawji, Edward W., Olafsdottir, Solveig, Kanzow, Torsten, Velo, Anton, Voelker, Antje, Yashayaev, Igor, Haumann, F. Alexander, Leng, Melanie J., Arrowsmith, Carol, Meredith, MichaelContributors: “...National Oceanography Centre Southampton (NOC)...”
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3746by Miller, Lisa A., Fripiat, François, Else, Brent G.T., Bowman, Jeff S., Brown, Kristina A., Collins, R. Eric, Ewert, Marcela, Fransson, Agneta, Gosselin, Michel, Lannuzel, Delphine, Meiners, Klaus M., Michel, Christine, Nishioka, Jun, Nomura, Daiki, Papadimitriou, Stathys, Russell, Lynn M., Sørensen, Lise Lotte, Thomas, David N., Tison, Jean-Louis, van Leeuwe, Maria A., Vancoppenolle, Martin, Wolff, Eric W., Zhou, JiayunContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2015)
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3747by Miller, Lisa A., Fripiat, François, Else, Brent G.T., Bowman, Jeff S., Brown, Kristina A., Collins, R. Eric, Ewert, Marcela, Fransson, Agneta, Gosselin, Michel, Lannuzel, Delphine, Meiners, Klaus M., Michel, Christine, Nishioka, Jun, Nomura, Daiki, Papadimitriou, Stathys, Russell, Lynn M., Sørensen, Lise Lotte, Thomas, David N., Tison, Jean-Louis, van Leeuwe, Maria A., Vancoppenolle, Martin, Wolff, Eric W., Zhou, JiayunContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2015)
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3748by Miller, Lisa A., Fripiat, François, Else, Brent G.T., Bowman, Jeff S., Brown, Kristina A., Collins, R. Eric, Ewert, Marcela, Fransson, Agneta, Gosselin, Michel, Lannuzel, Delphine, Meiners, Klaus M., Michel, Christine, Nishioka, Jun, Nomura, Daiki, Papadimitriou, Stathys, Russell, Lynn M., Sørensen, Lise Lotte, Thomas, David N., Tison, Jean-Louis, van Leeuwe, Maria A., Vancoppenolle, Martin, Wolff, Eric W., Zhou, JiayunContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2015)
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3749by Miller, Lisa A., Fripiat, François, Else, Brent G.T., Bowman, Jeff S., Brown, Kristina A., Collins, R. Eric, Ewert, Marcela, Fransson, Agneta, Gosselin, Michel, Lannuzel, Delphine, Meiners, Klaus M., Michel, Christine, Nishioka, Jun, Nomura, Daiki, Papadimitriou, Stathys, Russell, Lynn M., Sørensen, Lise Lotte, Thomas, David N., Tison, Jean-Louis, van Leeuwe, Maria A., Vancoppenolle, Martin, Wolff, Eric W., Zhou, JiayunContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2015)
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3750by Miller, Lisa A., Fripiat, François, Else, Brent G.T., Bowman, Jeff S., Brown, Kristina A., Collins, R. Eric, Ewert, Marcela, Fransson, Agneta, Gosselin, Michel, Lannuzel, Delphine, Meiners, Klaus M., Michel, Christine, Nishioka, Jun, Nomura, Daiki, Papadimitriou, Stathys, Russell, Lynn M., Sørensen, Lise Lotte, Thomas, David N., Tison, Jean-Louis, van Leeuwe, Maria A., Vancoppenolle, Martin, Wolff, Eric W., Zhou, JiayunContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2015)
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3751by Rodgers, Keith B., Aumont, Olivier, Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., Plancherel, Yves, Bopp, Laurent, de Boyer Montégut, Clément, Iudicone, Daniele, Keeling, Ralph F., Madec, Gurvan, Wanninkhof, Rik H.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2014)
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3752by Rodgers, Keith B., Aumont, Olivier, Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., Plancherel, Yves, Bopp, Laurent, de Boyer Montégut, Clément, Iudicone, Daniele, Keeling, Ralph F., Madec, Gurvan, Wanninkhof, Rik H.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
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3753by Rodgers, Keith B., Aumont, Olivier, Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., Plancherel, Yves, Bopp, Laurent, de Boyer Montégut, Clément, Iudicone, Daniele, Keeling, Ralph F., Madec, Gurvan, Wanninkhof, Rik H.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
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3754by Rodgers, Keith B., Aumont, Olivier, Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., Plancherel, Yves, Bopp, Laurent, de Boyer Montégut, Clément, Iudicone, Daniele, Keeling, Ralph F., Madec, Gurvan, Wanninkhof, Rik H.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
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3755by Rodgers, Keith B., Aumont, Olivier, Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., Plancherel, Yves, Bopp, Laurent, de Boyer Montégut, Clément, Iudicone, Daniele, Keeling, Ralph F., Madec, Gurvan, Wanninkhof, Rik H.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
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3756by Rodgers, Keith B., Aumont, Olivier, Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., Plancherel, Yves, Bopp, Laurent, de Boyer Montégut, Clément, Iudicone, Daniele, Keeling, Ralph F., Madec, Gurvan, Wanninkhof, Rik H.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2014)
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3757by Rodgers, Keith B., Aumont, Olivier, Mikaloff Fletcher, S. E., Plancherel, Yves, Bopp, Laurent, de Boyer Montégut, Clément, Iudicone, Daniele, Keeling, Ralph F., Madec, Gurvan, Wanninkhof, Rik H.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Biogeosciences (2014)
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3758by Miller, Lisa A., Fripiat, François, Else, Brent G.T., Bowman, Jeff S., Brown, Kristina A., Collins, R. Eric, Ewert, Marcela, Fransson, Agneta, Gosselin, Michel, Lannuzel, Delphine, Meiners, Klaus M., Michel, Christine, Nishioka, Jun, Nomura, Daiki, Papadimitriou, Stathys, Russell, Lynn M., Sørensen, Lise Lotte, Thomas, David N., Tison, Jean-Louis, van Leeuwe, Maria A., Vancoppenolle, Martin, Wolff, Eric W., Zhou, JiayunContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2015)
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3759by Miller, Lisa A., Fripiat, François, Else, Brent G.T., Bowman, Jeff S., Brown, Kristina A., Collins, R. Eric, Ewert, Marcela, Fransson, Agneta, Gosselin, Michel, Lannuzel, Delphine, Meiners, Klaus M., Michel, Christine, Nishioka, Jun, Nomura, Daiki, Papadimitriou, Stathys, Russell, Lynn M., Sørensen, Lise Lotte, Thomas, David N., Tison, Jean-Louis, van Leeuwe, Maria A., Vancoppenolle, Martin, Wolff, Eric W., Zhou, JiayunContributors: “...School of Oceanography Seattle...”
Published in Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene (2015)
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3760by Landais, A., Caillon, N., Goujon, C., Grachev, A.M., Barnola, J.M., Chappellaz, J., Jouzel, J., Masson-Delmotte, V., Leuenberger, M.Contributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2004)
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