Oceanography
![6}} undertook the first global marine research expedition in 1872.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Challenger.jpg)
Oceanography ('' ()|ocean||' ()|writing}}), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science''', is the scientific study of the ocean. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology. Provided by Wikipedia
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3601Contributors: “...Oceanography Department (UCT-OD)...”
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3602Contributors: “...Oceanography Department (UCT-OD)...”
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3603by Goslin, Jérôme, van Vliet-Lanoë, Brigitte, Spada, Giorgio, Bradley, Sarah, Tarasov, Lev, Neill, Simon, Suanez, Serge, S.Contributors: “...Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography...”
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2015)
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3604Contributors: “...College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography...”
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3605Contributors: “...College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography...”
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3606Contributors: “...College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography...”
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3607Contributors: “...College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography...”
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3608Contributors: “...College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography...”
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3609Contributors: “...College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography...”
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3610by Mélice, Jean-Luc, Lutjeharms, Johann R. E., Goosse, Hugues, Fichefet, Thierry, Reason, Chris J. C.Contributors: “...Department of Oceanography Cape Town...”
Published in Geophysical Research Letters (2005)
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3611Contributors: “...Oceanography Department (UCT-OD)...”
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3612Contributors: “...Oceanography Department (UCT-OD)...”
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3613by Mélice, Jean-Luc, Lutjeharms, Johann R. E., Goosse, Hugues, Fichefet, Thierry, Reason, Chris J. C.Contributors: “...Department of Oceanography Cape Town...”
Published in Geophysical Research Letters (2005)
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3614by Goslin, Jérôme, van Vliet-Lanoë, Brigitte, Spada, Giorgio, Bradley, Sarah, Tarasov, Lev, Neill, Simon, Suanez, Serge, S.Contributors: “...Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography...”
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2015)
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3615by Mélice, Jean-Luc, Lutjeharms, Johann R. E., Goosse, Hugues, Fichefet, Thierry, Reason, Chris J. C.Contributors: “...Department of Oceanography Cape Town...”
Published in Geophysical Research Letters (2005)
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3616by Mélice, Jean-Luc, Lutjeharms, Johann R. E., Goosse, Hugues, Fichefet, Thierry, Reason, Chris J. C.Contributors: “...Department of Oceanography Cape Town...”
Published in Geophysical Research Letters (2005)
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3617by Goslin, Jérôme, van Vliet-Lanoë, Brigitte, Spada, Giorgio, Bradley, Sarah, Tarasov, Lev, Neill, Simon, Suanez, Serge, S.Contributors: “...Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography...”
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2015)
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3618by Goslin, Jérôme, van Vliet-Lanoë, Brigitte, Spada, Giorgio, Bradley, Sarah, Tarasov, Lev, Neill, Simon, Suanez, Serge, S.Contributors: “...Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography...”
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2015)
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3619by Goslin, Jérôme, van Vliet-Lanoë, Brigitte, Spada, Giorgio, Bradley, Sarah, Tarasov, Lev, Neill, Simon, Suanez, Serge, S.Contributors: “...Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography...”
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2015)
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3620by Orsi, Anais, Kawamura, Kenji, Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, Fettweis, Xavier, Box, Jason, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Clow, Gary, Landais, Amaelle, Severinghaus, JeffreyContributors: “...Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego)...”
Published in Geophysical Research Letters (2017)
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