Oceanography
![6}} undertook the first global marine research expedition in 1872.](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Challenger.jpg)
Oceanography ('' ()|ocean||' ()|writing}}), also known as oceanology, sea science, ocean science, and marine science''', is the scientific study of the ocean. It is an Earth science, which covers a wide range of topics, including ecosystem dynamics; ocean currents, waves, and geophysical fluid dynamics; plate tectonics and seabed geology; and fluxes of various chemical substances and physical properties within the ocean and across its boundaries. These diverse topics reflect multiple disciplines that oceanographers utilize to glean further knowledge of the world ocean, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology and physics. Paleoceanography studies the history of the oceans in the geologic past. An oceanographer is a person who studies many matters concerned with oceans, including marine geology, physics, chemistry, and biology. Provided by Wikipedia
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231by Federico Baltar (Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Linnaeus University), Daniel Lundin (Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Linnaeus University), Joakim Palovaara (Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Linnaeus University), Itziar Lekunberri (Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna), Thomas Reinthaler (Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna), Gerhard J. Herndl (Department of Limnology and Bio-Oceanography, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna), Jarone Pinhassi (Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems, EEMiS, Linnaeus University)Get access
Published in Frontiers in Microbiology (2016)
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232by Cornils, Astrid, Thomisch, Karolin, Hase, Joanna, Hildebrandt, Nicole, Auel, Holger, Niehoff, Barbara, Thomisch, Karolin; 2 Section Physical Oceanography of the Polar Seas, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany, Hase, Joanna; 1 Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany, Hildebrandt, Nicole; 1 Section Polar Biological Oceanography, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany, Auel, Holger; 3 Universität Bremen, FB02, BreMarE—Bremen Marine Ecology Bremen GermanyGet access
Published in Limnology and Oceanography: Methods (2022)
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235by NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/U.S. Department Of Commerce, Meteorological Research Institute/Japan Meteorological Agency/Japan, Institute Of Marine Research/Bergen/Norway, Polar, Alfred Wegener Institute For, National Oceanography Centre/University Of Southampton, Center For Ocean-Atmospheric Prediction Studies/Florida State University, Oceanography Section/Climate And Global Dynamics Division/National Center For Atmospheric Research/University Corporation For Atmospheric Research, Centre National De Recherches Meteorologiques/FranceGet access
Published 2016
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239by Institution of Oceanography, Scripps, Cavole, Leticia, Demko, Alyssa, Diner, Rachel, Giddings, Ashlyn, Koester, Irina, Pagniello, Camille, Paulsen, May-Linn, Ramirez-Valdez, Arturo, Schwenck, Sarah, Yen, Nicole, Zill, Michelle, Franks, PeterGet access
Published 2016
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240by Tamsitt, Veronica, Drake, Henri F. Princeton Univ., NJ, Massachusetts Inst. of Technology , Cambridge, MA, Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. Joint Program in Oceanography, Cambridge, MA, Morrison, Adele K. Princeton Univ., NJ, Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT, Talley, Lynne D. Univ. of California, San Diego, CA . Scripps Inst. of Oceanography, Dufour, Carolina O. Princeton Univ., NJ, Gray, Alison R. Princeton Univ., NJ, Griffies, Stephen M. Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Lab., Princeton, NJ, Mazloff, Matthew R. Univ. of California, San Diego, CA . Scripps Inst. of Oceanography, Sarmiento, Jorge L. Princeton Univ., NJ, Wang, Jinbo California Inst. of Technology , La Canada Flintridge, CA . Jet Propulsion Lab., Weijer, Wilbert Los Alamos National Lab. , Los Alamos, NMGet access
Published in Nature Communications (2023)
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