Norway
Norway (, ), officially the Kingdom of Norway,; Nynorsk: ''''; official names in minority languages: Northern Sami: ''Norga''; Lule Sami: ''Vuodna''; Southern Sami: ''Nöörje''; .}} is a Nordic country in Northern Europe, situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula with a population of 5.5 million as of 2024. The remote Arctic island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard also form part of Norway.}} Bouvet Island, located in the Subantarctic, is a dependency; Norway also claims the Antarctic territories of Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land. The capital and largest city in Norway is Oslo.Norway has a total area of . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden, and is bordered by Finland and Russia to the northeast. Norway has an extensive coastline facing the Skagerrak strait, the North Atlantic Ocean, and the Barents Sea. Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway. Jonas Gahr Støre has been Prime Minister of Norway since 2021. As a unitary state with a constitutional monarchy, Norway divides state power between the parliament, the cabinet, and the supreme court, as determined by the 1814 constitution. The unified kingdom of Norway was established in 872 as a merger of petty kingdoms and has existed continuously for }} years. From 1537 to 1814, Norway was part of Denmark–Norway, and, from 1814 to 1905, it was in a personal union with Sweden. Norway was neutral during the First World War, and in the Second World War until April 1940 when it was invaded and occupied by Nazi Germany until the end of the war.
Norway has both administrative and political subdivisions on two levels: counties and municipalities. The Sámi people have a certain amount of self-determination and influence over traditional territories through the Sámi Parliament and the Finnmark Act. Norway maintains close ties with the European Union and the United States. Norway is a founding member of the United Nations, NATO, the European Free Trade Association, the Council of Europe, the Antarctic Treaty, and the Nordic Council; a member of the European Economic Area, the WTO, and the OECD; and a part of the Schengen Area. The Norwegian dialects share mutual intelligibility with Danish and Swedish.
Norway maintains the Nordic welfare model with universal health care and a comprehensive social security system, and its values are rooted in egalitarian ideals. The Norwegian state has large ownership positions in key industrial sectors, having extensive reserves of petroleum, natural gas, minerals, lumber, seafood, and fresh water. The petroleum industry accounts for around a quarter of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). On a per-capita basis, Norway is the world's largest producer of oil and natural gas outside of the Middle East. The country has the fourth- and eighth-highest per-capita income in the world on the World Bank's and IMF's list, respectively. It has the world's largest sovereign wealth fund, with a value of US$1.3 trillion. Provided by Wikipedia
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322by Riedel, M., Villinger, H., Freudenthal, T., Pape, T., Bünz, S., Bohrmann, G., 2 Department of Geosciences University of Bremen Bremen Germany, 3 MARUM‐Center for Marine Environmental Sciences University of Bremen Bremen Germany, 4 Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate, Environment and Climate, Department of Geology UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromsø NorwayGet access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (2020)
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323by Philipp R Semenchuk (Institute for Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway), Mark A K Gillespie (Institute for Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway), Sabine B Rumpf (Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna), Nanna Baggesen (Institute for Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway), Bo Elberling (Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen), Elisabeth J Cooper (Institute for Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty for Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway)Get access
Published in Environmental Research Letters (2016)
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324by Berge, Jørgen, Cottier, Finlo, Kopec, Tomasz Piotr, Dumont, Estelle, Venables, Emily Joanne, Vogedes, Daniel Ludwig, UiT The Arctic University Of NorwayGet access
Published 2021
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325by Berge, Jørgen, Cottier, Finlo, Kopec, Tomasz Piotr, Dumont, Estelle, Venables, Emily Joanne, Vogedes, Daniel Ludwig, UiT The Arctic University Of NorwayGet access
Published 2021
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326by Berge, Jørgen, Cottier, Finlo, Kopec, Tomasz Piotr, Dumont, Estelle, Venables, Emily Joanne, Vogedes, Daniel Ludwig, UiT The Arctic University Of NorwayGet access
Published 2021
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327by Cottier, Finlo, Berge, Jørgen, Griffith, Colin, Dumont, Estelle, Kopec, Tomasz Piotr, Vogedes, Daniel Ludwig, UiT The Arctic University Of Norway UiTGet access
Published 2023
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328by Berge, Jørgen, Cottier, Finlo, Kopec, Tomasz Piotr, Dumont, Estelle, Venables, Emily Joanne, Vogedes, Daniel Ludwig, UiT The Arctic University Of NorwayGet access
Published 2021
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329by Berge, Jørgen, Cottier, Finlo, Kopec, Tomasz Piotr, Dumont, Estelle, Venables, Emily Joanne, Vogedes, Daniel Ludwig, UiT The Arctic University Of NorwayGet access
Published 2021
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340by Bonaduce, Antonio, Staneva, Joanna, Grayek, Sebastian, Bidlot, Jean-Raymond, Breivik, Øyvind, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center (NERSC) and Bjerknes Center for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Centre for Materials and Coastal Research (HZG), Geesthacht, Germany, European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Reading, UK, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayGet access
Published in Ocean Dynamics (2020)
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Article in Journal/Newspaper