Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continents of Asia and Australia in the west and the Americas in the east.At in area (as defined with a southern Antarctic border), this largest division of the World Ocean and the hydrosphere covers about 46% of Earth's water surface and about 32% of the planet's total surface area, larger than its entire land area (). The centers of both the Water Hemisphere and the Western Hemisphere, as well as the oceanic pole of inaccessibility, are in the Pacific Ocean. Ocean circulation (caused by the Coriolis effect) subdivides it into two largely independent volumes of water that meet at the equator, the North Pacific Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean (or more loosely the South Seas). The Pacific Ocean can also be informally divided by the International Date Line into the East Pacific and the West Pacific, which allows it to be further divided into four quadrants, namely the Northeast Pacific off the coasts of North America, the Southeast Pacific off South America, Northwest Pacific off Far Eastern/Pacific Asia, and the Southwest Pacific around Oceania.
The Pacific Ocean's mean depth is . Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, located in the northwestern Pacific, is the deepest known point in the world, reaching a depth of . The Pacific also contains the deepest point in the Southern Hemisphere, the Horizon Deep in the Tonga Trench, at . The third deepest point on Earth, the Sirena Deep, is also located in the Mariana Trench.
The western Pacific has many major marginal seas, including the Philippine Sea, South China Sea, East China Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska, Mar de Grau, Tasman Sea, and the Coral Sea. Provided by Wikipedia
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89by Lalande, Catherine, Grebmeier, Jacqueline M., McDonnell, Andrew M. P., Hopcroft, Russell R., O’Daly, Stephanie, Danielson, Seth L.Contributors: “...north pacific research board...”
Published in PLOS ONE (2021)
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90by Kuletz, Kathy, Cushing, Daniel, Labunski, ElizabethContributors: “...North Pacific Research Board...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (2020)
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91by Miller, Jessica A., DiMaria, Ruth A., Hurst, Thomas P.Contributors: “...North Pacific Research Board...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (2016)
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92by Batten, S. D., Moffitt, S., Pegau, W. S., Campbell, R.Contributors: “...North Pacific CPR Consortium...”
Published in Fisheries Oceanography (2016)
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93by Yasumiishi, Ellen M., Cieciel, Kristin, Andrews, Alex G., Murphy, Jim, Dimond, John A.Contributors: “...North Pacific Research Board...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (2020)
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94by Ashlock, Lauren, García-Reyes, Marisol, Gentemann, Chelle, Batten, Sonia, Sydeman, WilliamContributors: “...North Pacific Research Board...”
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2021)
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95by Duffy-Anderson, J.T., Blood, D.M., Cheng, W., Ciannelli, L., Matarese, A.C., Sohn, D., Vance, T.C., Vestfals, C.Contributors: “...North Pacific Research Board...”
Published in Journal of Sea Research (2013)
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96by Stabeno, P.J., Danielson, S.L., Kachel, D.G., Kachel, N.B., Mordy, C.W.Contributors: “...North Pacific Research Board...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (2016)
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97Contributors: “...North Pacific Research Board...”
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98by Punt, André E., Ortiz, Ivonne, Aydin, Kerim Y., Hunt, George L., Wiese, Francis K.Contributors: “...North Pacific Research Board...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (2016)
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99by Cross, Jessica N., Mathis, Jeremy T., Lomas, Michael W., Moran, S. Bradley, Baumann, Matthew S., Shull, David H., Mordy, Calvin W., Ostendorf, Morgan L., Bates, Nicholas R., Stabeno, Phyllis J., Grebmeier, Jacqueline M.Contributors: “...North Pacific Research Board...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (2014)
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100by Gall, Adrian E., Prichard, Alexander K., Kuletz, Katherine J., Danielson, Seth L.Contributors: “...North Pacific Research Board...”
Published in PLOS ONE (2022)
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