New Zealand
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The islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. Between about 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and then subsequently developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. In 1769 the British explorer Captain James Cook became the first European to set foot on and map New Zealand. In 1840, representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi which paved the way for Britain's declaration of sovereignty later that year and the establishment of the Crown Colony of New Zealand in 1841. Subsequently, a series of conflicts between the colonial government and Māori tribes resulted in the alienation and confiscation of large amounts of Māori land. New Zealand became a dominion in 1907; it gained full statutory independence in 1947, retaining the monarch as head of state. Today, the majority of New Zealand's population of 5.25 million is of European descent; the indigenous Māori are the largest minority, followed by Asians and Pasifika. Reflecting this, New Zealand's culture is mainly derived from Māori and early British settlers, with recent broadening of culture arising from increased immigration. The official languages are English, Māori, and New Zealand Sign Language, with the local dialect of English being dominant.
A developed country, it was the first to introduce a minimum wage, and the first to give women the right to vote. It ranks very highly in international measures of quality of life, human rights, and it has one of the lowest levels of perceived corruption in the world. It retains visible levels of inequality, having structural disparities between its Māori and European populations. New Zealand underwent major economic changes during the 1980s, which transformed it from a protectionist to a liberalised free-trade economy. The service sector dominates the national economy, followed by the industrial sector, and agriculture; international tourism is also a significant source of revenue. New Zealand is a member of the United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, UKUSA, OECD, ASEAN Plus Six, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the Pacific Community and the Pacific Islands Forum. It enjoys particularly close relations with the United States and is one of its major non-NATO allies; the United Kingdom; Samoa, Fiji, and Tonga; and with Australia, with a shared "Trans-Tasman" identity between the two countries stemming from centuries of British colonisation.
Nationally, legislative authority is vested in an elected, unicameral Parliament, while executive political power is exercised by the Government, led by the prime minister, currently Christopher Luxon. Charles III is the country's king and is represented by the governor-general, Cindy Kiro. In addition, New Zealand is organised into 11 regional councils and 67 territorial authorities for local government purposes. The Realm of New Zealand also includes Tokelau (a dependent territory); the Cook Islands and Niue (self-governing states in free association with New Zealand); and the Ross Dependency, which is New Zealand's territorial claim in Antarctica. Provided by Wikipedia
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101Contributors: “...New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute...”
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102by Squire, Vernon AContributors: “...OTAGO UNIV DUNEDIN (NEW ZEALAND)...”
Published 2014
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103Contributors: “...Fulbright New Zealand...”
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105by MCQUISTAN, G.W.Contributors: “...CARTER OBSERVATORY WELLINGTON (NEW ZEALAND)...”
Published 1959
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106by Dadd, Kelsie, Foley, KristenContributors: “...Australia New Zealand IODP Consortium...”
Published in Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography (2016)
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107by Dallanave, Edoardo, Bachtadse, Valerian, Crouch, Erica M., Tauxe, Lisa, Shepherd, Claire L., Morgans, Hugh E.G., Hollis, Christopher J., Hines, Benjamin R., Sugisaki, SaikoContributors: “...New Zealand Government...”
Published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2016)
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108by Kennedy, Fraser, Martin, Andrew, Castrisios, Katerina, Cimoli, Emiliano, McMinn, Andrew, Ryan, Ken G.Contributors: “...New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute...”
Published in Frontiers in Plant Science (2020)
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109Contributors: “...New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute...”
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110by Leal, Pablo P., Hurd, Catriona L., Fernández, Pamela A., Roleda, Michael Y.Contributors: “...Royal Society of New Zealand...”
Published in Journal of Phycology (2017)
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111by Lischka, A., Bustamante, P., Braid, H., Piatkowski, U., Lacoue-Labarthe, T.Contributors: “...Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand...”
Published in Science of The Total Environment (2021)
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112by Gammon, Malindi J., Tracey, Dianne M., Marriott, Peter M., Cummings, Vonda J., Davy, Simon K.Contributors: “...New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries...”
Published in PeerJ (2018)
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113by Moore, B., Comeau, S., Bekaert, M., Cossais, A., Purdy, A., Larcombe, E., Puerzer, F., McCulloch, M. T., Cornwall, C. E.Contributors: “...Royal Society of New Zealand...”
Published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (2021)
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114by Currie, Ashleigh A., Marshall, Alexis J., Lohrer, Andrew M., Cummings, Vonda J., Seabrook, Sarah, Cary, S. CraigContributors: “...New Zealand Antarctic Research Institute...”
Published in Frontiers in Microbiology (2021)
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115by McMullin, Rebecca M., Wing, Stephen R., Reid, Malcolm R.Contributors: “...Antarctica New Zealand...”
Published in Limnology and Oceanography (2017)
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116by McGaughran, Angela, Stevens, Mark I., Holland, Barbara R.Contributors: “...New Zealand Tertiary Education Commission...”
Published in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2010)
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117by Pan, Hailin, Cole, Theresa, Bi, Xupeng, Fang, Miaoquan, Zhou, Chengran, Yang, Zhengtao, Ksepka, Daniel, Hart, Tom, Bouzat, Juan, Argilla, Lisa, Bertelsen, Mads F., Boersma, P Dee, Bost, Charles-André, Cherel, Yves, Dann, Peter, Fiddaman, Steven, Howard, Pauline, Labuschagne, Kim, Mattern, Thomas, Miller, Gary, Parker, Patricia, Phillips, Richard, Quillfeldt, Petra, Ryan, Peter, Taylor, Helen, Thompson, David, Young, Melanie, Ellegaard, Martin, Gilbert, M Thomas P, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger, Pacheco, George, Shepherd, Lara, Tennyson, Alan, Grosser, Stefanie, Kay, Emily, Nupen, Lisa, Ellenberg, Ursula, Houston, David, Reeve, Andrew Hart, Johnson, Kathryn, Masello, Juan, Stracke, Thomas, Mckinlay, Bruce, Borboroglu, Pablo García, Zhang, De-Xing, Zhang, GuojieContributors: “...The Wildlife Hospital Dunedin New Zealand...”
Published in GigaScience (2019)
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118by Naish, T. R., Powell, R. D., Barrett, P. J., Levy, R. H., Henrys, S., Wilson, G. S., Krissek, L. A., Niessen, F., Pompilio, M., Ross, J., Scherer, R., Talarico, F., Pyne, A., the ANDRILL-MIS Science teamContributors: “...Naish, T. R.; Antarctic Research Centre, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand...”
Published 2007
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119by Pan, Hailin, Cole, Theresa, Bi, Xupeng, Fang, Miaoquan, Zhou, Chengran, Yang, Zhengtao, Ksepka, Daniel, Hart, Tom, Bouzat, Juan, Argilla, Lisa, Bertelsen, Mads F., Boersma, P Dee, Bost, Charles-André, Cherel, Yves, Dann, Peter, Fiddaman, Steven, Howard, Pauline, Labuschagne, Kim, Mattern, Thomas, Miller, Gary, Parker, Patricia, Phillips, Richard, Quillfeldt, Petra, Ryan, Peter, Taylor, Helen, Thompson, David, Young, Melanie, Ellegaard, Martin, Gilbert, M Thomas P, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger, Pacheco, George, Shepherd, Lara, Tennyson, Alan, Grosser, Stefanie, Kay, Emily, Nupen, Lisa, Ellenberg, Ursula, Houston, David, Reeve, Andrew Hart, Johnson, Kathryn, Masello, Juan, Stracke, Thomas, McKinlay, Bruce, Borboroglu, Pablo García, Zhang, De-Xing, Zhang, GuojieContributors: “...The Wildlife Hospital Dunedin New Zealand...”
Published in GigaScience (2019)
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120by Pan, Hailin, Cole, Theresa, Bi, Xupeng, Fang, Miaoquan, Zhou, Chengran, Yang, Zhengtao, Ksepka, Daniel, Hart, Tom, Bouzat, Juan, Argilla, Lisa, Bertelsen, Mads F., Boersma, P Dee, Bost, Charles-André, Cherel, Yves, Dann, Peter, Fiddaman, Steven, Howard, Pauline, Labuschagne, Kim, Mattern, Thomas, Miller, Gary, L., Parker, Patricia, Phillips, Richard, A., Quillfeldt, Petra, Ryan, Peter, Y. A., Taylor, Helen, Thompson, David, Young, Melanie, Ellegaard, Martin, Gilbert, M Thomas P, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger, Pacheco, George, Shepherd, Lara, Tennyson, Alan, Grosser, Stefanie, Kay, Emily, Nupen, Lisa, Ellenberg, Ursula, Houston, David, Reeve, Andrew Hart, Johnson, Kathryn, Masello, Juan, Stracke, Thomas, Mckinlay, Bruce, Borboroglu, Pablo García, Zhang, De-Xing, Zhang, GuojieContributors: “...The Wildlife Hospital Dunedin New Zealand...”
Published in GigaScience (2019)
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