National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health, commonly referred to as NIH, is the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and public health research. It was founded in the late 1880s and is now part of the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Many NIH facilities are located in Bethesda, Maryland, and other nearby suburbs of the Washington metropolitan area, with other primary facilities in the Research Triangle Park in North Carolina and smaller satellite facilities located around the United States. The NIH conducts its own scientific research through the NIH Intramural Research Program (IRP) and provides major biomedical research funding to non-NIH research facilities through its Extramural Research Program., the IRP had 1,200 principal investigators and more than 4,000 postdoctoral fellows in basic, translational, and clinical research, being the largest biomedical research institution in the world, while, as of 2003, the extramural arm provided 28% of biomedical research funding spent annually in the U.S., or about US$26.4 billion.
The NIH comprises 27 separate institutes and centers of different biomedical disciplines and is responsible for many scientific accomplishments, including the discovery of fluoride to prevent tooth decay, the use of lithium to manage bipolar disorder, and the creation of vaccines against hepatitis, ''Haemophilus influenzae'' (HIB), and human papillomavirus (HPV).
In 2019, the NIH was ranked number two in the world, behind Harvard University, for biomedical sciences in the Nature Index, which measured the largest contributors to papers published in a subset of leading journals from 2015 to 2018. Provided by Wikipedia
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81Contributors: “...National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA...”
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82by Shardell, Michelle, Cappola, Anne R, Guralnik, Jack M, Hicks, Gregory E, Kritchevsky, Stephen B, Simonsick, Eleanor M, Ferrucci, Luigi, Semba, Richard D, Shaffer, Nancy Chiles, Harris, Tamara, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Cotch, Mary Frances, Orwoll, Eric, Ensrud, Kristine E, Cawthon, Peggy MContributors: “...NIH Roadmap for Medical Research...”
Published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2021)
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83by Valera, Beatriz, Muckle, Gina, Poirier, Paul, Jacobson, Sandra W., Jacobson, Joseph L., Dewailly, EricContributors: “...NIH/National Institute of Environmental Health and Sciences...”
Published in NeuroToxicology (2012)
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84by Le Menach, Arnaud, Vergu, Elisabeta, Grais, Rebecca F., Smith, David L., Flahault, AntoineContributors: “...National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA (NIH)...”
Published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (2006)
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85by Lam, Kwok-ho, Qi, Ruifeng, Liu, Shun, Kroh, Amelie, Yao, Guorui, Perry, Kay, Rummel, Andreas, Jin, RongshengContributors: “...NIH-ORIP HEI...”
Published in Toxicon (2018)
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86by Le Menach, Arnaud, Vergu, Elisabeta, Grais, Rebecca F., Smith, David L., Flahault, AntoineContributors: “...National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA (NIH)...”
Published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (2006)
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87by Karhunen, Ville, Gill, Dipender, Huang, Jian, Bouras, Emmanouil, Malik, Rainer, Ponsford, Mark J, Ahola-Olli, Ari, Papadopoulou, Areti, Palaniswamy, Saranya, Sebert, Sylvain, Wielscher, Matthias, Auvinen, Juha, Veijola, Juha, Herzig, Karl-Heinz, Timonen, Markku, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, Dichgans, Martin, Salmi, Marko, Jalkanen, Sirpa, Lehtimäki, Terho, Salomaa, Veikko, Raitakari, Olli, Jones, Simon A, Hovingh, G Kees, Tsilidis, Konstantinos K, Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Dehghan, AbbasContributors: “...NIH Graduate Partnership...”
Published in BMJ Medicine (2023)
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88by Norvik, Jon Viljar, Harskamp, Laura R, Nair, Viji, Shedden, Kerby, Solbu, Marit D, Eriksen, Bjørn O, Kretzler, Matthias, Gansevoort, Ron T, Ju, Wenjun, Melsom, ToralfContributors: “...NIH...”
Published in Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation (2020)
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89by Poirier, Miriam C, Marsili, Letizia, Fossi, Maria Cristina, Godard-Codding, Céline A. J, Hernandez-Ramon, Elena E, Si, Nancy, Divi, Kathyayini V, Divi, Rao L, Kerr, Iain, Wise, John Pierce, Wise, Catherine F, Wise, Sandra S, Aboueissa, Abou El-Makarim, Wise, James T. F, Wise, John PierceContributors: “...National Cancer Institute, NIH...”
Published in Toxicological Sciences (2021)
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90by Van Elderen, Saskia S G C, Zhang, Qian, Sigurdsson, Sigudur, Haight, Thaddeus J, Lopez, Oscar, Eiriksdottir, Gudny, Jonsson, Palmi, de Jong, Laura, Harris, Tamara B, Garcia, Melissa, Gudnason, Vilmundar, van Buchem, Mark A, Launer, Lenore JContributors: “... Sci, Intramural Res Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA 3 Icelandic Heart Assoc, Kopavogur, Iceland 4...”
Published in The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences (2016)
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91Contributors: “...National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA...”
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92by Vidal, Jean-Sébastien, Aspelund, Thor, Jonsdottir, Maria K, Jonsson, Palmi V, Harris, Tamara B, Lopez, Oscar L, Gudnason, Vilmundur, Launer, Lenore JContributors: “...NIA, NIH, LEDB, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, Broca Hosp, AP HP, Dept Geriatr, Paris, France, Iceland...”
Published in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (2013)
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93by M. Eremeeva E., M. Sturgeon M., J. Willard K., S. Karpathy E., A. Madan, G. Dasch A., М. Еремеева Е., М. Стуржеон М., Д. Уиллард К., С. Карпати Э., А. Мадан, Г. Даш А.Contributors: “...This study was supported in part by the NIH grant AI05326-03. This research was supported in part...”
Published in Russian Journal of Infection and Immunity (2020)
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94by Inamdar, Swaleha, Tinel, Liselotte, Chance, Rosie, Carpenter, Lucy, Sabu, Prabhakaran, Chacko, Racheal, Tripathy, Sarat, Kerkar, Anvita, Sinha, Alok, Bhaskar, Parli Venkateswaran, Sarkar, Amit, Roy, Rajdeep, Sherwen, Tomás, Cuevas, Carlos, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Ram, Kirpa, Mahajan, AnoopContributors: “...National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA (NIH)...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2020)
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95by Liu, X. D., Zhao, S. P., Sun, L. G., Luo, H. H., Yin, X. B., Xie, Z. Q., Wang, Y. H., Liu, K. X., Wu, X. H., Ding, X. F., Fu, D. P.Contributors: “...NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA....”
Published in Journal of Paleolimnology (2006)
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96by Inamdar, Swaleha, Tinel, Liselotte, Chance, Rosie, Carpenter, Lucy, Sabu, Prabhakaran, Chacko, Racheal, Tripathy, Sarat, Kerkar, Anvita, Sinha, Alok, Bhaskar, Parli Venkateswaran, Sarkar, Amit, Roy, Rajdeep, Sherwen, Tomás, Cuevas, Carlos, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Ram, Kirpa, Mahajan, AnoopContributors: “...National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA (NIH)...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2020)
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97by Olafsdottir, L B, Erlendsdóttir, H, Melo-Cristino, J, Weinberger, D M, Ramirez, M, Kristinsson, K G, Gottfredsson, MContributors: “... Microbiol, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal, NIH, Div Int Epidemiol & Populat Studies, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD...”
Published 2014
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98by Stefansdottir, Hrafnhildur, Arnar, David O, Aspelund, Thor, Sigurdsson, Sigurdur, Jonsdottir, Maria K, Hjaltason, Haukur, Launer, Lenore J, Gudnason, VilmundurContributors: “... Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA, Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City...”
Published in Stroke (2013)
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99by Butkovic, Anamarija, Kraberger, Simona, Smeele, Zoe, Martin, Darren, Schmidlin, Kara, Fontenele, Rafaela, Shero, Michelle, Beltran, Roxanne, Kirkham, Amy, Aleamotu’a, Maketalena, Burns, Jennifer, Koonin, Eugene, Varsani, Arvind, Krupovic, MartContributors: “...National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA (NIH)...”
Published in Virus Evolution (2023)
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100by Butkovic, Anamarija, Kraberger, Simona, Smeele, Zoe, Martin, Darren, Schmidlin, Kara, Fontenele, Rafaela, Shero, Michelle, Beltran, Roxanne, Kirkham, Amy, Aleamotu’a, Maketalena, Burns, Jennifer, Koonin, Eugene, Varsani, Arvind, Krupovic, MartContributors: “...National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA (NIH)...”
Published in Virus Evolution (2023)
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