Hanged, drawn and quartered
![The execution of [[Hugh Despenser the Younger](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/BNMsFr2643FroissartFol97vExecHughDespenser.jpg)
The same punishment applied to traitors against the king in Ireland from the 15th century onward; William Overy was hanged, drawn and quartered by Lord Lieutenant Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York in 1459, and from the reign of King Henry VII it was made part of statute law. Matthew Lambert was among the most notable Irishmen to suffer this punishment, in 1581 in Wexford.
The severity of the sentence was measured against the seriousness of the crime. As an attack on the monarch's authority, high treason was considered a deplorable act demanding the most extreme form of punishment. Although some convicts had their sentences modified and suffered a less ignominious end, over a period of several hundred years many men found guilty of high treason were subjected to the law's ultimate sanction. They included many Catholic priests executed during the Elizabethan era, and several of the regicides involved in the 1649 execution of Charles I.
Although the Act of Parliament defining high treason remains on the United Kingdom's statute books, during a long period of 19th-century legal reform the sentence of hanging, drawing, and quartering was changed to drawing, hanging until dead, and posthumous beheading and quartering, before being abolished in England in 1870. The death penalty for treason was abolished in 1998. Provided by Wikipedia
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2by Davie, Peter S., Walker, Seumas P., Perrott, Matthew R., Symonds, Jane E., Preece, Mark, De Clercq, Adelbert, Munday, John S.Get access
Published in New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research (2018)
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3by Davie, Peter S., Walker, Seamus P., Perrott, Matthew R., Symonds, Jane E., Preece, Mark, Lovett, Bailey A., Munday, John S.Get access
Published in Journal of Fish Diseases (2019)
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4by Perrott, Matthew R., Lovett, Bailey A., De Clercq, Adelbert, Davie, Peter S., Munday, John S., Morel, Patrick C.H., Preece, Mark A., Symonds, Jane E., Walker, Seumas P., Loo, Trevor, Norris, Gill, Naffa, RafeaGet access
Published in Aquaculture (2020)
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