Limited company
LTD}}In a limited company, the liability of members or subscribers of the company is limited to what they have invested or guaranteed to the company. Limited companies may be limited by shares or by guarantee. In a company limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the unpaid value of shares. In a company limited by guarantee, the liability of owners is limited to such amount as the owners may undertake to contribute to the assets of the company, in the event of being wound up. The former may be further divided in public companies (public limited companies) and private companies (private limited companies). Who may become a member of a private limited company is restricted by law and by the company's rules. In contrast, anyone may buy shares in a public limited company.
Limited companies can be found in most countries, although the detailed rules governing them vary widely. It is also common for a distinction to be made between the publicly tradable companies of the ''plc'' type (for example, the German (AG), Dutch and Belgian nv, British PLC, Czech a.s., Italian S.p.A., Hungarian Nyrt. and the Spanish, French, Polish, Greek and Romanian S.A.), and the "private" types of companies (such as the German GmbH, Dutch and Belgian bv, Portuguese Lda., British Ltd, Japanese G.K., Polish sp. z o.o., Russian ООО, Ukrainian ТОВ (TOV), the Czech s.r.o., the French s.à r.l., the Italian s.r.l., Romanian s.r.l., Hungarian kft., Bulgarian ДОО (DOO), Slovenian d.o.o., and Slovak s.r.o., in India Pvt Ltd for private company and Ltd for public company, in Singapore Pte Ltd for private company. Provided by Wikipedia
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1561by Petkov, Boyan, H., Vitale, Vito, Di Carlo, Piero, Drofa, Oxana, Mastrangelo, Daniele, Smedley, Andrew, R. D., Diémoz, Henri, Siani, Anna Maria, Fountoulakis, Ilias, Webb, Ann, R., Bais, Alkiviadis, Kift, Richard, Rimmer, John, Casale, Giuseppe Rocco, Hansen, Georg, Svendby, Tove, Pazmino, Andrea, Werner, Rolf, Atanassov, Atanas, Láska, Kamil, de Backer, Hugo, Mangold, Alexander, Köhler, Ulf, Velazco, Voltaire, Stübi, René, Solomatnikova, Anna, Pavlova, Kseniya, Sobolewski, Piotr, Johnsen, Bjørn, Goutail, Florence, Mišaga, Oliver, Aruffo, Eleonora, Metelka, Ladislav, Tóth, Zoltán, Fekete, Dénes, Aculinin, Alexandr, Lupi, Angelo, Mazzola, Mauro, Zardi, FedericoContributors: “...H-ION Research, Development and Innovation Ltd....”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (2023)
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1562by Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien, Gagliardini, Olivier, Ritz, Catherine, Durand, Gaël, Nodet, Maëlle, Zwinger, Thomas, Greve, Ralph, Seddik, Hakime, Vaughan, David G.Contributors: “...Scientific Computing Ltd (CSC)...”
Published 2011
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1563by Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien, Gagliardini, Olivier, Ritz, Catherine, Durand, Gaël, Nodet, Maëlle, Zwinger, Thomas, Greve, Ralph, Seddik, Hakime, Vaughan, David G.Contributors: “...Scientific Computing Ltd (CSC)...”
Published 2011
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1564by Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien, Gagliardini, Olivier, Ritz, Catherine, Durand, Gaël, Nodet, Maëlle, Zwinger, Thomas, Greve, Ralph, Seddik, Hakime, Vaughan, David G.Contributors: “...Scientific Computing Ltd (CSC)...”
Published 2011
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1565by Pattyn, F., Perichon, L., Aschwanden, A., Breuer, B., de Smedt, B., Gagliardini, O., Gudmundsson, G. H., Hindmarsh, R., Hubbard, A., Johnson, J. V., Kleiner, T., Konovalov, Y., Martin, C., Payne, A. J., Pollard, D., Price, S., Rückamp, M., Saito, F., Soucek, O., Sugiyama, S., Zwinger, T.Contributors: “...Scientific Computing Ltd (CSC)...”
Published 2008
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1566by Pattyn, F., Perichon, L., Aschwanden, A., Breuer, B., De Smedt, B., Gagliardini, O., Gudmundsson, G. H., Hindmarsh, R., Hubbard, A., Johnson, J. V., Kleiner, T., Konovalov, Y., Martin, C., Payne, A. J., Pollard, D., Price, S., Rückamp, M., Saito, F., Soucek, O., Sugiyama, S., Zwinger, T.Contributors: “...Scientific Computing Ltd (CSC)...”
Published 2008
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1567by Pattyn, F., Perichon, L., Aschwanden, A., Breuer, B., De Smedt, B., Gagliardini, Olivier, Gudmundsson, G. H., Hindmarsh, R.C.A., Hubbard, A., Johnson, J. V., Kleiner, T., Konovalov, Y., Martin, C., Payne, A. J., Pollard, D., Price, S., Rückamp, M., Saito, F., Soucek, O., Sugiyama, S., Zwinger, ThomasContributors: “...Scientific Computing Ltd (CSC)...”
Published 2008
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1568by Pan, Hailin, Cole, Theresa, Bi, Xupeng, Fang, Miaoquan, Zhou, Chengran, Yang, Zhengtao, Ksepka, Daniel, Hart, Tom, Bouzat, Juan, Argilla, Lisa, Bertelsen, Mads F., Boersma, P Dee, Bost, Charles-André, Cherel, Yves, Dann, Peter, Fiddaman, Steven, Howard, Pauline, Labuschagne, Kim, Mattern, Thomas, Miller, Gary, Parker, Patricia, Phillips, Richard, Quillfeldt, Petra, Ryan, Peter, Taylor, Helen, Thompson, David, Young, Melanie, Ellegaard, Martin, Gilbert, M Thomas P, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger, Pacheco, George, Shepherd, Lara, Tennyson, Alan, Grosser, Stefanie, Kay, Emily, Nupen, Lisa, Ellenberg, Ursula, Houston, David, Reeve, Andrew Hart, Johnson, Kathryn, Masello, Juan, Stracke, Thomas, Mckinlay, Bruce, Borboroglu, Pablo García, Zhang, De-Xing, Zhang, GuojieContributors: “...Vet Services Hawkes Bay Ltd New Zealand...”
Published in GigaScience (2019)
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1569by Pan, Hailin, Cole, Theresa, Bi, Xupeng, Fang, Miaoquan, Zhou, Chengran, Yang, Zhengtao, Ksepka, Daniel, Hart, Tom, Bouzat, Juan, Argilla, Lisa, Bertelsen, Mads F., Boersma, P Dee, Bost, Charles-André, Cherel, Yves, Dann, Peter, Fiddaman, Steven, Howard, Pauline, Labuschagne, Kim, Mattern, Thomas, Miller, Gary, Parker, Patricia, Phillips, Richard, Quillfeldt, Petra, Ryan, Peter, Taylor, Helen, Thompson, David, Young, Melanie, Ellegaard, Martin, Gilbert, M Thomas P, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger, Pacheco, George, Shepherd, Lara, Tennyson, Alan, Grosser, Stefanie, Kay, Emily, Nupen, Lisa, Ellenberg, Ursula, Houston, David, Reeve, Andrew Hart, Johnson, Kathryn, Masello, Juan, Stracke, Thomas, McKinlay, Bruce, Borboroglu, Pablo García, Zhang, De-Xing, Zhang, GuojieContributors: “...Vet Services Hawkes Bay Ltd New Zealand...”
Published in GigaScience (2019)
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1570by Pan, Hailin, Cole, Theresa, Bi, Xupeng, Fang, Miaoquan, Zhou, Chengran, Yang, Zhengtao, Ksepka, Daniel, Hart, Tom, Bouzat, Juan, Argilla, Lisa, Bertelsen, Mads F., Boersma, P Dee, Bost, Charles-André, Cherel, Yves, Dann, Peter, Fiddaman, Steven, Howard, Pauline, Labuschagne, Kim, Mattern, Thomas, Miller, Gary, L., Parker, Patricia, Phillips, Richard, A., Quillfeldt, Petra, Ryan, Peter, Y. A., Taylor, Helen, Thompson, David, Young, Melanie, Ellegaard, Martin, Gilbert, M Thomas P, Sinding, Mikkel-Holger, Pacheco, George, Shepherd, Lara, Tennyson, Alan, Grosser, Stefanie, Kay, Emily, Nupen, Lisa, Ellenberg, Ursula, Houston, David, Reeve, Andrew Hart, Johnson, Kathryn, Masello, Juan, Stracke, Thomas, Mckinlay, Bruce, Borboroglu, Pablo García, Zhang, De-Xing, Zhang, GuojieContributors: “...Vet Services Hawkes Bay Ltd New Zealand...”
Published in GigaScience (2019)
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1571by Pattyn, F., Perichon, L., Aschwanden, A., Breuer, B., de Smedt, B., Gagliardini, O., Gudmundsson, G. H., Hindmarsh, R., Hubbard, A., Johnson, J. V., Kleiner, T., Konovalov, Y., Martin, C., Payne, A. J., Pollard, D., Price, S., Rückamp, M., Saito, F., Soucek, O., Sugiyama, S., Zwinger, T.Contributors: “...Scientific Computing Ltd (CSC)...”
Published 2008
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1572by Pattyn, F., Perichon, L., Aschwanden, A., Breuer, B., de Smedt, B., Gagliardini, O., Gudmundsson, G. H., Hindmarsh, R., Hubbard, A., Johnson, J. V., Kleiner, T., Konovalov, Y., Martin, C., Payne, A. J., Pollard, D., Price, S., Rückamp, M., Saito, F., Soucek, O., Sugiyama, S., Zwinger, T.Contributors: “...Scientific Computing Ltd (CSC)...”
Published 2008
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1573by Pattyn, F., Perichon, L., Aschwanden, A., Breuer, B., de Smedt, B., Gagliardini, Olivier, Gudmundsson, G. H., Hindmarsh, R.C.A., Hubbard, A., Johnson, J. V., Kleiner, T., Konovalov, Y., Martin, C., Payne, A. J., Pollard, D., Price, S., Rückamp, M., Saito, F., Soucek, O., Sugiyama, S., Zwinger, ThomasContributors: “...Scientific Computing Ltd (CSC)...”
Published 2008
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1574by Pattyn, F., Perichon, L., Aschwanden, A., Breuer, B., de Smedt, B., Gagliardini, Olivier, Gudmundsson, G. H., Hindmarsh, R.C.A., Hubbard, A., Johnson, J. V., Kleiner, T., Konovalov, Y., Martin, C., Payne, A. J., Pollard, D., Price, S., Rückamp, M., Saito, F., Soucek, O., Sugiyama, S., Zwinger, ThomasContributors: “...Scientific Computing Ltd (CSC)...”
Published 2008
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1575by Pattyn, F., Perichon, L., Aschwanden, A., Breuer, B., de Smedt, B., Gagliardini, Olivier, Gudmundsson, G. H., Hindmarsh, R.C.A., Hubbard, A., Johnson, J. V., Kleiner, T., Konovalov, Y., Martin, C., Payne, A. J., Pollard, D., Price, S., Rückamp, M., Saito, F., Soucek, O., Sugiyama, S., Zwinger, ThomasContributors: “...Scientific Computing Ltd (CSC)...”
Published 2008
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1576by Pattyn, F., Perichon, L., Aschwanden, A., Breuer, B., de Smedt, B., Gagliardini, O., Gudmundsson, G. H., Hindmarsh, R., Hubbard, A., Johnson, J. V., Kleiner, T., Konovalov, Y., Martin, C., Payne, A. J., Pollard, D., Price, S., Rückamp, M., Saito, F., Soucek, O., Sugiyama, S., Zwinger, T.Contributors: “...Scientific Computing Ltd (CSC)...”
Published 2008
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1577by Ryll, René, Bernstein, Samuel, Heuser, Elisa, Schlegel, Mathias, Dremsek, Paul, Zumpe, Maxi, Wolf, Sandro, Pépin, Michel, Bajomi, Daniel, Müller, Gabi, Heiberg, Ann-Charlotte, Spahr, Carina, Lang, Johannes, Groschup, Martin H., Ansorge, Hermann, Freise, Jona, Guenther, Sebastian, Baert, Kristof, Ruiz-Fons, Francisco, Pikula, Jiri, Knap, Nataša, Tsakmakidis, Joannis, Dovas, Chrysostomos, Zanet, Stefania, Imholt, Christian, Heckel, Gerald, Johne, Reimar, Ulrich, Rainer, G.Contributors: “...Bábolna Bio Ltd....”
Published in Veterinary Microbiology (2017)
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1578by Ryll, René, Bernstein, Samuel, Heuser, Elisa, Schlegel, Mathias, Dremsek, Paul, Zumpe, Maxi, Wolf, Sandro, Pépin, Michel, Bajomi, Daniel, Müller, Gabi, Heiberg, Ann-Charlotte, Spahr, Carina, Lang, Johannes, Groschup, Martin H., Ansorge, Hermann, Freise, Jona, Guenther, Sebastian, Baert, Kristof, Ruiz-Fons, Francisco, Pikula, Jiri, Knap, Nataša, Tsakmakidis, Joannis, Dovas, Chrysostomos, Zanet, Stefania, Imholt, Christian, Heckel, Gerald, Johne, Reimar, Ulrich, Rainer, G.Contributors: “...Bábolna Bio Ltd....”
Published in Veterinary Microbiology (2017)
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1579by Ryll, René, Bernstein, Samuel, Heuser, Elisa, Schlegel, Mathias, Dremsek, Paul, Zumpe, Maxi, Wolf, Sandro, Pépin, Michel, Bajomi, Daniel, Müller, Gabi, Heiberg, Ann-Charlotte, Spahr, Carina, Lang, Johannes, Groschup, Martin H., Ansorge, Hermann, Freise, Jona, Guenther, Sebastian, Baert, Kristof, Ruiz-Fons, Francisco, Pikula, Jiri, Knap, Nataša, Tsakmakidis, Joannis, Dovas, Chrysostomos, Zanet, Stefania, Imholt, Christian, Heckel, Gerald, Johne, Reimar, Ulrich, Rainer, G.Contributors: “...Bábolna Bio Ltd....”
Published in Veterinary Microbiology (2017)
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1580by Biuw, Martin, Boehme, Lars, Guinet, Christophe, Hindell, Mark A., Costa, D., Charrassin, Jean-Benoit, Roquet, Fabien, Bailleul, Frédéric, Meredith, Michael P., Thorpe, S., Tremblay, Yann, Mc Donald, B., Park, Young-Hyang, Rintoul, Stephen R., Bindoff, Nathaniel, Goebel, Michael, Crocker, D., Lovell, Phil, Nicholson, J., Monks, F., Fedak, Michael A.Contributors: “...Valeport Ltd....”
Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2007)
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