Knight
![A 14th-century depiction of the 13th-century German knight [[Hartmann von Aue](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Codex_Manesse_Hartmann_von_Aue.jpg)
A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity.
The concept of Knighthood may have been inspired by the ancient Greek ''hippeis'' (ἱππεῖς) and Roman ''equites''. In the Early Middle Ages in Christian Europe, knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors. During the High Middle Ages, knighthood was considered a class of petty nobility. By the Late Middle Ages, the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry, a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior. Often, a knight was a vassal who served as an elite fighter or a bodyguard for a lord, with payment in the form of land holdings. The lords trusted the knights, who were skilled in battle on horseback. Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship (and especially the joust) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century. This linkage is reflected in the etymology of ''chivalry'', ''cavalier'' and related terms such as the French title ''chevalier''. In that sense, the special prestige accorded to mounted warriors in Christendom finds a parallel in the ''furusiyya'' in the Islamic world. The Crusades brought various military orders of knights to the forefront of defending Christian pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land.
In the Late Middle Ages, new methods of warfare – such as the introduction of the culverin as an anti-personnel, gunpowder-fired weapon – began to render classical knights in armour obsolete, but the titles remained in many countries. Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I (1459–1519) is often referred to as the "last knight" in this regard; however, some of the most iconic battles of the Knights Hospitaller, such as the Siege of Rhodes and the Great Siege of Malta, took place after his rule. The ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature, particularly the literary cycles known as the Matter of France, relating to the legendary companions of Charlemagne and his men-at-arms, the paladins, and the Matter of Britain, relating to the legend of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table.
Today, a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in Christian Churches, as well as in several historically Christian countries and their former territories, such as the Roman Catholic Sovereign Military Order of Malta, the Protestant Order of Saint John, as well as the English Order of the Garter, the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim, the Spanish Order of Santiago, and the Norwegian Order of St. Olav. There are also dynastic orders like the Order of the Golden Fleece, the Imperial Order of the Rose, the Order of the British Empire and the Order of St. George. In modern times these are orders centered around charity and civic service, and are no longer military orders. Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility, but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state, monarch, or prelate to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement, as in the British honours system, often for service to the Church or country. The modern female equivalent in the English language is Dame. Knighthoods and damehoods are traditionally regarded as being one of the most prestigious awards people can obtain. Provided by Wikipedia
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721by Brown, Alexandra, McKnight, Diane M, Chin, Yu-Ping, Roberts, Emily C, Uhle, MariaGet access
Published in Marine Chemistry (2004)
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722by Zhang, Jianhua, Knight, A, Duke, Mikel, Northcott, K, Packer, M, Scales, PJ, Gray, StephenGet access
Published in Process Safety and Environmental Protection (2016)
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725by Fang, Xiaowen, Mao, Jingdong, Cory, Rose M., McKnight, Diane M., Schmidt‐Rohr, KlausGet access
Published in Magnetic Resonance in Chemistry (2011)
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726by Parker, David, Folland, Chris, Scaife, Adam, Knight, Jeff, Colman, Andrew, Baines, Peter, Dong, BuwenGet access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research (2007)
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727by Chu, Haiyan, Fierer, Noah, Lauber, Christian L., Caporaso, J. G., Knight, Rob, Grogan, PaulGet access
Published in Environmental Microbiology (2010)
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728by Beckett, Michael, Firestone, Michelle A, McKnight, Constance D, Smylie, Janet, Rotondi, Michael AGet access
Published in BMJ Open (2018)
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729by Whelan, Shannon, Hatch, Scott A., Irons, David B., McKnight, Alyson, Elliott, Kyle H.Get access
Published in Biology Letters (2020)
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730by Sugden, David, Knight, P., Livesey, Neil, Lorrain, Reginald, Souchez, Roland, Tison, Jean-Louis, Jouzel, JeanGet access
Published 1987
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732by Knight, Peter G., Patterson, Carrie J., Waller, Richard I., Jones, Alison P., Robinson, Zoe P.Get access
Published in Quaternary Science Reviews (2000)
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733by Harmon Russell S., Leslie Deborah L., Lyons W. Berry, Welch Kathleen A., McKnight Diane M.Get access
Published in E3S Web of Conferences (2019)
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734by Tyler J. Kohler, Lee F. Stanish, Daniel Liptzin, John E. Barrett, Diane M. McKnightGet access
Published in Limnology and Oceanography Letters (2018)
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735by Kruse, Holly, O’Hallarn, Brendan, McKnight, John Carter, Tekkobe, Cindy, Shepherd, Tamara, Shtern, JeremyGet access
Published 2015
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736by Harmon Russell S., Leslie Deborah L., Lyons W. Berry, Welch Kathleen A., McKnight Diane M.Get access
Published in E3S Web of Conferences (2019)
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737by Gabric, Albert J, Shephard, Jill M, Knight, Jon M, Jones, Graham B, Trevena, Anne JGet access
Published in Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2005)
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738by Cadman, Sheila, Knight, Becky, Elliott, Benjamin Joseph, Schadla-Hall, Tim, Robson, Harry Kenneth, Milner, NicolaGet access
Published in Yorkshire Archaeological Journal (2018)
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739by McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER, Singley, Joel, Gooseff, Michael, McKnight, Diane, Hinckley, Eve-LynGet access
Published 2020
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