Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
![Kennedy in 1938](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/04/Joseph_P._Kennedy%2C_Sr._1938_%28cropped%29.jpg)
Kennedy was born into a political family in East Boston, Massachusetts. He made a large fortune as a stock and commodity market investor and later rolled over his proceeds by dedicating a substantial amount of his wealth into investment-grade real estate and a wide range of privately controlled businesses across the United States. During World War I, he was an assistant general manager of a Boston area Bethlehem Steel shipyard; through that position, he became acquainted with Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy. In the 1920s, Kennedy made huge profits by reorganizing and refinancing several Hollywood studios; several acquisitions were ultimately merged into Radio-Keith-Orpheum (RKO) studios. Kennedy increased his fortune with distribution rights for Scotch whisky. He owned the largest privately owned building in the country, Chicago's Merchandise Mart.
Kennedy was a leading member of the Democratic Party and of the Irish Catholic community. President Roosevelt appointed Kennedy to be the first chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which he led from 1934 to 1935. Kennedy later directed the United States Maritime Commission. Kennedy served as the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 to late 1940. With the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, Kennedy was pessimistic about Britain's ability to survive attacks from Nazi Germany. During the Battle of Britain in November 1940, Kennedy publicly suggested, "Democracy is finished in England. It may be here [in the United States]." After a controversy regarding this statement, Kennedy resigned his position.
Kennedy was married to Rose Fitzgerald and had nine children. During his later life, he was heavily involved in the political careers of his sons. Three of Kennedy's sons attained distinguished political positions: John served as a U.S. senator from Massachusetts and as the 35th president of the United States, Robert served as the U.S. attorney general and as a U.S. senator from New York, and Ted also served as a U.S. senator from Massachusetts. Provided by Wikipedia
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41by Price, Stephen F. Dr, Hoffman, Matthew James, Bonin, Jennifer, Howat, Ian, Neumann, Thomas, Saba, Jack, Tezaur, Irina, Guerber, Jeffrey, Chambers, Don, Evans, Katherine, Kennedy, Joseph, Lenaerts, Jan, Lipscomb, William Henry, Perego, Mauro, Salinger, Andrew, Tuminaro, Raymond, van den Broeke, Michiel, Nowicki, SophieGet access
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2023)
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42by Lipscomb, William H., Price, Stephen F., Hoffman, Matthew J., Leguy, Gunter R., Bennett, Andrew R., Bradley, Sarah L., Evans, Katherine J., Fyke, Jeremy G., Kennedy, Joseph H., Perego, Mauro, Ranken, Douglas M., Sacks, William J., Salinger, Andrew G., Vargo, Lauren J., Worley, Patrick H.Get access
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43by Lipscomb, William H., Price, Stephen F., Hoffman, Matthew J., Leguy, Gunter R., Bennett, Andrew R., Bradley, Sarah L., Evans, Katherine J., Fyke, Jeremy G., Kennedy, Joseph H., Perego, Mauro, Ranken, Douglas M., Sacks, William J., Salinger, Andrew G., Vargo, Lauren J., Worley, Patrick H.Get access
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2021)
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44by Lipscomb, William H., Price, Stephen F., Hoffman, Matthew J., Leguy, Gunter R., Bennett, Andrew R., Bradley, Sarah L., Evans, Katherine J., Fyke, Jeremy G., Kennedy, Joseph H., Perego, Mauro, Ranken, Douglas M., Sacks, William J., Salinger, Andrew G., Vargo, Lauren J., Worley, Patrick H.Get access
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45by Price, Stephen F., Hoffman, Matthew J., Bonin, Jennifer A., Howat, Ian M., Neumann, Thomas, Saba, Jack, Tezaur, Irina, Guerber, Jeffrey, Chambers, Don P., Evans, Katherine J., Kennedy, Joseph H., Lenaerts, Jan, Lipscomb, William H., Perego, Mauro, Salinger, Andrew G., Tuminaro, Raymond S., van den Broeke, Michiel R., Nowicki, Sophie M.Get access
Published 2017
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46by Price, Stephen F., Hoffman, Matthew J., Bonin, Jennifer A., Howat, Ian M., Neumann, Thomas, Saba, Jack, Tezaur, Irina, Guerber, Jeffrey, Chambers, Don P., Evans, Katherine J., Kennedy, Joseph H., Lenaerts, Jan, Lipscomb, William H., Perego, Mauro, Salinger, Andrew G., Tuminaro, Raymond S., Broeke, Michiel R., Nowicki, Sophie M. J.Get access
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47by Price, Stephen F., Hoffman, Matthew J., Bonin, Jennifer A., Howat, Ian M., Neumann, Thomas, Saba, Jack, Tezaur, Irina, Guerber, Jeffrey, Chambers, Don P., Evans, Katherine J., Kennedy, Joseph H., Lenaerts, Jan, Lipscomb, William H., Perego, Mauro, Salinger, Andrew G., Tuminaro, Raymond S., van den Broeke, Michiel R., Nowicki, Sophie M.Get access
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48by Price, Stephen F., Hoffman, Matthew J., Bonin, Jennifer A., Howat, Ian M., Neumann, Thomas, Saba, Jack, Tezaur, Irina, Guerber, Jeffrey, Chambers, Don P., Evans, Katherine J., Kennedy, Joseph H., Lenaerts, Jan, Lipscomb, William H., Perego, Mauro, Salinger, Andrew G., Tuminaro, Raymond S., van den Broeke, Michiel R., Nowicki, Sophie M. J.Get access
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49by Price, Stephen F., Hoffman, Matthew J., Bonin, Jennifer A., Howat, Ian M., Neumann, Thomas, Saba, Jack, Tezaur, Irina, Guerber, Jeffrey, Chambers, Don P., Evans, Katherine J., Kennedy, Joseph H., Lenaerts, Jan, Lipscomb, William H., Perego, Mauro, Salinger, Andrew G., Tuminaro, Raymond S., van den Broeke, Michiel R., Nowicki, Sophie M. J.Get access
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50by Price, Stephen F., Hoffman, Matthew J., Bonin, Jennifer A., Howat, Ian M., Neumann, Thomas, Saba, Jack, Tezaur, Irina, Guerber, Jeffrey, Chambers, Don P., Evans, Katherine J., Kennedy, Joseph H., Lenaerts, Jan, Lipscomb, William H., Perego, Mauro, Salinger, Andrew G., Tuminaro, Raymond S., van den Broeke, Michiel R., Nowicki, Sophie M. J.Get access
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2023)
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51by Price, Stephen F., Hoffman, Matthew J., Bonin, Jennifer A., Howat, Ian M., Neumann, Thomas, Saba, Jack, Tezaur, Irina, Guerber, Jeffrey, Chambers, Don P., Evans, Katherine J., Kennedy, Joseph H., Lenaerts, Jan, Lipscomb, William H., Perego, Mauro, Salinger, Andrew G., Tuminaro, Raymond S., Van Den Broeke, Michiel R., Nowicki, Sophie M JGet access
Published 2017
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52by van den Broeke, Michiel R., Lipscomb, William H., Tezaur, Irina, Salinger, Andrew G., Howat, Ian M., Nowicki, Sophie M. J., Kennedy, Joseph H., Hoffman, Matthew J., Bonin, Jennifer A., Guerber, Jeffrey R., Tuminaro, Raymond S., Price, Stephen F., Evans, Katherine J., Neumann, Thomas A., Chambers, Don P., Perego, Mauro, Saba, Jack, Lenaerts, JanGet access
Published 2017
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53by Goelzer, Heiko, Nowicki, Sophie, Edwards, Tamsin, Beckley, Matthew, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Aschwanden, Andy, Calov, Reinhard, Gagliardini, Olivier, Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien, Golledge, Nicholas, Gregory, Jonathan, Greve, Ralf, Humbert, Angelika, Huybrechts, Philippe, Kennedy, Joseph, Larour, Eric, Lipscomb, William, Le Clech, Sébastien, Lee, Victoria, Morlighem, Mathieu, Pattyn, Frank, Payne, Antony, Rodehacke, Christian, Rückamp, Martin, Saito, Fuyuki, Schlegel, Nicole, Seroussi, Hélène, Shepherd, Andrew, Sun, Sainan, van de Wal, Roderik, Ziemen, FlorianGet access
Published in The Cryosphere (2018)
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54by Goelzer, Heiko, Nowicki, Sophie, Edwards, Tamsin, Beckley, Matthew, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Aschwanden, Andy, Calov, Reinhard, GAGLIARDINI, Olivier, Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien, Golledge, Nicholas, Gregory, Jonathan, Greve, Ralf, Humbert, Angelika, Huybrechts, Philippe, Kennedy, Joseph, Larour, Eric, Lipscomb, William, Le clech, Sébastien, Lee, Victoria, Morlighem, Mathieu, PATTYN, FRANK, Payne, Antony, Rodehacke, Christian, Rückamp, Martin, Saito, Fuyuki, Schlegel, Nicole, Seroussi, Hélène, Shepherd, Andrew, Sun, Sainan, Van De Wal, Roderik, Ziemen, FlorianGet access
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55by Khrulev, Constantine, Aschwanden, Andy, Bueler, Ed, Brown, Jed, Maxwell, David, Albrecht, Torsten, Reese, Ronja, Mengel, Matthias, Martin, Maria, Winkelmann, Ricarda, Levermann, Anders, Feldmann, Johannes, Haseloff, Marianne, Seguinot, Julien, Hinck, Sebastian, Kleiner, Thomas, Fischer, Elizabeth, Damsgaard, Anders, Lingle, Craig, van Pelt, Ward, Ziemen, Florian, Shemonski, Nathan, Mankoff, Kenneth, Kennedy, Joseph, Blum, Kyle, Habermann, Marijke, DellaGiustina, Daniella, Hock, Regine, Kreuzer, Moritz, Degregori, Enrico, Schoell, SimonGet access
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56Design and results of the ice sheet model initialisation initMIP-Greenland:An ISMIP6 intercomparisonby Goelzer, Heiko, Nowicki, Sophie, Edwards, Tamsin, Beckley, Matthew, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Aschwanden, Andy, Calov, Reinhard, Gagliardini, Olivier, Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien, Golledge, Nicholas R., Gregory, Jonathan, Greve, Ralf, Humbert, Angelika, Huybrechts, Philippe, Kennedy, Joseph H., Larour, Eric, Lipscomb, William H., Leclech, Sébastien, Lee, Victoria, Morlighem, Mathieu, Pattyn, Frank, Payne, Antony J., Rodehacke, Christian, Rückamp, Martin, Saito, Fuyuki, Schlegel, Nicole, Seroussi, Helene, Shepherd, Andrew, Sun, Sainan, Van De Wal, Roderik, Ziemen, Florian A.Get access
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57by Khrulev, Constantine, Aschwanden, Andy, Bueler, Ed, Brown, Jed, Maxwell, David, Albrecht, Torsten, Reese, Ronja, Mengel, Matthias, Martin, Maria, Winkelmann, Ricarda, Zeitz, Maria, Levermann, Anders, Feldmann, Johannes, Garbe, Julius, Haseloff, Marianne, Seguinot, Julien, Hinck, Sebastian, Kleiner, Thomas, Fischer, Elizabeth, Damsgaard, Anders, Lingle, Craig, van Pelt, Ward, Ziemen, Florian, Shemonski, Nathan, Mankoff, Kenneth, Kennedy, Joseph, Blum, Kyle, Habermann, Marijke, DellaGiustina, Daniella, Hock, Regine, Kreuzer, Moritz, Degregori, Enrico, Schoell, SimonGet access
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58by Khrulev, Constantine, Aschwanden, Andy, Bueler, Ed, Brown, Jed, Maxwell, David, Albrecht, Torsten, Reese, Ronja, Mengel, Matthias, Martin, Maria, Winkelmann, Ricarda, Zeitz, Maria, Levermann, Anders, Feldmann, Johannes, Garbe, Julius, Haseloff, Marianne, Seguinot, Julien, Hinck, Sebastian, Kleiner, Thomas, Fischer, Elizabeth, Damsgaard, Anders, Lingle, Craig, van Pelt, Ward, Ziemen, Florian, Shemonski, Nathan, Mankoff, Kenneth, Kennedy, Joseph, Blum, Kyle, Habermann, Marijke, DellaGiustina, Daniella, Hock, Regine, Kreuzer, Moritz, Degregori, Enrico, Schoell, SimonGet access
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59Design and results of the ice sheet model initialisation initMIP-Greenland:An ISMIP6 intercomparisonby Goelzer, Heiko, Nowicki, Sophie, Edwards, Tamsin, Beckley, Matthew, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Aschwanden, Andy, Calov, Reinhard, Gagliardini, Olivier, Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien, Golledge, Nicholas R., Gregory, Jonathan, Greve, Ralf, Humbert, Angelika, Huybrechts, Philippe, Kennedy, Joseph H., Larour, Eric, Lipscomb, William H., Leclech, Sébastien, Lee, Victoria, Morlighem, Mathieu, Pattyn, Frank, Payne, Antony J., Rodehacke, Christian, Rückamp, Martin, Saito, Fuyuki, Schlegel, Nicole, Seroussi, Helene, Shepherd, Andrew, Sun, Sainan, Van De Wal, Roderik, Ziemen, Florian A.Get access
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60Design and results of the ice sheet model initialisation initMIP-Greenland:An ISMIP6 intercomparisonby Goelzer, Heiko, Nowicki, Sophie, Edwards, Tamsin, Beckley, Matthew, Abe-Ouchi, Ayako, Aschwanden, Andy, Calov, Reinhard, Gagliardini, Olivier, Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien, Golledge, Nicholas R., Gregory, Jonathan, Greve, Ralf, Humbert, Angelika, Huybrechts, Philippe, Kennedy, Joseph H., Larour, Eric, Lipscomb, William H., Leclech, Sébastien, Lee, Victoria, Morlighem, Mathieu, Pattyn, Frank, Payne, Antony J., Rodehacke, Christian, Rückamp, Martin, Saito, Fuyuki, Schlegel, Nicole, Seroussi, Helene, Shepherd, Andrew, Sun, Sainan, Van De Wal, Roderik, Ziemen, Florian A.Get access
Published in The Cryosphere (2018)
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