Japan
![[[Legend](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Emperor_Jimmu.jpg)
The first known habitation of the archipelago dates to the Upper Paleolithic, with the beginning Japanese Paleolithic dating to . Between the fourth and sixth centuries, its kingdoms were united under an emperor in Nara, and later Heian-kyō. From the 12th century, actual power was held by military dictators () and feudal lords (), and enforced by warrior nobility (''samurai''). After rule by the Kamakura and Ashikaga shogunates and a century of warring states, Japan was unified in 1600 by the Tokugawa shogunate, which implemented an isolationist foreign policy. In 1853, a United States fleet forced Japan to open trade to the West, which led to the end of the shogunate and the restoration of imperial power in 1868. In the Meiji period, the Empire of Japan pursued rapid industrialization and modernization, as well as militarism and overseas colonization. In 1937, Japan invaded China, and in 1941 attacked the United States and European colonial powers, entering World War II as an Axis power. After suffering defeat in the Pacific War and two atomic bombings, Japan surrendered in 1945 and came under Allied occupation. After the war, the country underwent rapid economic growth, although its economy has stagnated since 1990.
Japan is a constitutional monarchy with a bicameral legislature, the National Diet. A great power and the only Asian member of the G7, Japan has constitutionally renounced its right to declare war, but maintains one of the world's strongest militaries. A highly developed country with one of the world's largest economies, Japan is a global leader in science and technology and the automotive, robotics, and electronics industries. It has one of the world's highest life expectancies, though it is undergoing a population decline. Japan's culture is well known around the world, including its art, cuisine, film, music, and popular culture, which includes prominent comics, animation, and video game industries. Provided by Wikipedia
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401by Ujiie, Ayana, Nakano, Hideo, Iwasaki, YugoContributors: “...Japan Science and Technology Agency...”
Published in Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (2016)
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402by Horiuchi, Kazuho, Kamata, Kanae, Maejima, Shun, Sasaki, Sho, Sasaki, Nobuyoshi, Yamazaki, Toshitsugu, Fujita, Shuji, Motoyama, Hideaki, Matsuzaki, HiroyukiContributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2016)
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403by Yan, Dong, Nishioka, Jun, Toyota, Takenobu, Suzuki, KojiContributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2022)
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404by Yoshimoto, Megumu, Ozawa, Kenichi, Kondo, Hirotaka, Echigoya, Yusuke, Shibuya, Hisashi, Sato, Yukita, Sehgal, Ravinder N. M.Contributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Parasitology Research (2020)
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405by Nomura, Daiki, Abe, Hiroto, Hirawake, Toru, Ooki, Atsushi, Yamashita, Youhei, Murayama, Aiko, Ono, Kazuya, Nishioka, JunContributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Progress in Oceanography (2021)
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406by Kawamura, Yuki, Hosokawa, Keisuke, Nozawa, Satonori, Ogawa, Yasunobu, Kawabata, Tetsuya, Oyama, Shin-Ichiro, Miyoshi, Yoshizumi, Kurita, Satoshi, Fujii, RyoichiContributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Earth, Planets and Space (2020)
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407by Zheng, Zehua, Kawakami, Kazuhiro, Zhang, Dingkun, Negishi, Lumi, Abomosallam, Mohamed, Asakura, Tomiko, Nagata, Koji, Suzuki, MichioContributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Scientific Reports (2021)
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408by Ono, Atsushi, Moteki, Masato, Amakasu, Kazuo, Toda, Ryoji, Horimoto, Naho, Hirano, Daisuke, Ishimaru, Takashi, Hosie, Graham W.Contributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Polar Science (2011)
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409by Jimbo, Mina, Mizuguchi, Daisuke, Shirakawa, Hokuto, Tsujii, Koki, Fujiwara, Amane, Miyashita, Kazushi, Mitani, YokoContributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Polar Biology (2019)
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410by Fujiwara, Amane, Nishino, Shigeto, Matsuno, Kohei, Onodera, Jonaotaro, Kawaguchi, Yusuke, Hirawake, Toru, Suzuki, Koji, Inoue, Jun, Kikuchi, TakashiContributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Polar Biology (2018)
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411by Hata, A., Takada, M. B., Nakashita, R., Fukasawa, K., Oshida, T., Ishibashi, Y., Sato, Y.Contributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Journal of Zoology (2017)
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412by Miyamoto, Hideaki, Niihara, Takafumi, Kuritani, Takeshi, Hong, Peng K., Dohm, James M., Sugita, SeijiContributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Meteoritics & Planetary Science (2016)
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413by Ikeda, Hajime, Yakubov, Valentin, Barkalov, Vyacheslav, Setoguchi, HiroakiContributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Journal of Biogeography (2018)
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414Contributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
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415by Nakamura, Takashi, Iguchi, Akira, Suzuki, Atsushi, Sakai, Kazuhiko, Nojiri, YukihiroContributors: “...Ministry of the Environment of Japan...”
Published in Marine Ecology (2017)
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416Contributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
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417by Kawai, Hiroshi, Hanyuda, Takeaki, Mumford, Thomas, Waaland, J. RobertContributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Phycological Research (2015)
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418by Aakala, Tuomas, Shimatani, Kenichiro, Abe, Toshihiro, Kubota, Yasuhiro, Kuuluvainen, TimoContributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Oikos (2015)
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419by Kakui, Keiichi, Nomaki, Hidetaka, Komatsu, Hironori, Fujiwara, YoshihiroContributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (2020)
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420by Park, Hotaek, Fedorov, Alexander N., Konstantinov, Pavel, Hiyama, TetsuyaContributors: “...Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...”
Published in Frontiers in Earth Science (2021)
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