Iceland
Iceland (, ) is a Nordic island country between the North Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between North America and Europe. It is linked culturally and politically with Europe and is the region's most sparsely populated country. Its capital and largest city is Reykjavík, which is home to about 36% of the country's roughly 380,000 residents. The official language of the country is Icelandic.Located on a rift between tectonic plates, Iceland's geologic activity includes geysers and frequent volcanic eruptions. The interior consists of a volcanic plateau characterised by sand and lava fields, mountains, and glaciers, and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands. Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate, despite a latitude just south of the Arctic Circle. Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly, and most of its islands have a polar climate.
According to the ancient manuscript , the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island. In the following centuries, Norwegians, and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, immigrated to Iceland, bringing with them thralls (i.e., slaves or serfs) of Gaelic origin.
The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the native parliament, the Althing, one of the world's oldest functioning legislative assemblies. Following a period of civil strife, Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century. In 1397, Iceland followed Norway's integration into the Kalmar Union along with the kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden, coming under ''de facto'' Danish rule following its dissolution in 1523. The Danish kingdom introduced Lutheranism by force in 1550, and Iceland was formally ceded to Denmark in 1814 by the Treaty of Kiel.
Influenced by ideals of nationalism after the French Revolution, Iceland's struggle for independence took form and culminated in the Danish–Icelandic Act of Union in 1918, with the establishment of the Kingdom of Iceland, sharing through a personal union the incumbent monarch of Denmark. During the occupation of Denmark in World War II, Iceland voted overwhelmingly to become a republic in 1944, thus ending the remaining formal ties with Denmark. Although the Althing was suspended from 1799 to 1845, the island republic nevertheless holds a claim to sustaining one of the longest-running parliaments in the world.
Until the 20th century, Iceland relied largely on subsistence fishing and agriculture. Industrialization of the fisheries and Marshall Plan aid following World War II brought prosperity, and Iceland became one of the wealthiest and most developed nations in the world. It became a part of the European Economic Area in 1994; this further diversified the economy into sectors such as finance, biotechnology, and manufacturing.
Iceland has a market economy with relatively low taxes, compared to other OECD countries, as well as the highest trade union membership in the world. It maintains a Nordic social welfare system that provides universal health care and tertiary education for its citizens. Iceland ranks highly in international comparisons of national performance, such as quality of life, education, protection of civil liberties, government transparency, and economic freedom. Iceland has the smallest population of any NATO member and is the only one with no standing army, possessing only a lightly armed coast guard. Provided by Wikipedia
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421by Magnúsdóttir, María Björg, Róbertsson, Viðar, Þorgrímsson, Sigurður, Rósmundsson, Þráinn, Agnarsson, Úlfur, Haraldsson, ÁsgeirContributors: “...1) The Children's Hospital Iceland, Landspítali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. 2...”
Published in Acta Paediatrica (2019)
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422by Palsdottir, E P, Lund, S H L, Asgeirsson, K S AContributors: “...1 1 Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. 2 2 School of Health Sciences...”
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Surgery (2018)
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423by Gunnarsson, Sverrir I, Palsson, Runolfur, Sigurdsson, Gunnar, Indridason, Olafur SContributors: “...Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, Landspitali, Internal Med Serv, Div Nephrol, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland...”
Published in Nephron Clinical Practice (2013)
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424by Bjornsdottir, Rannveig, Oskarsdottir, Erna S, Thordardottir, Friða R, Ramel, Alfons, Thorsdottir, Inga, Gunnarsdottir, IngibjorgContributors: “...Univ Iceland, Unit Nutr Res, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland, Landspitali Natl Univ Hosp, IS-101...”
Published in Clinical Nutrition (2013)
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425by Sveinbjornsson, Gardar, Albrechtsen, Anders, Zink, Florian, Gudjonsson, Sigurjón A, Oddson, Asmundur, Másson, Gísli, Holm, Hilma, Kong, Augustine, Thorsteinsdottir, Unnur, Sulem, Patrick, Gudbjartsson, Daniel F, Stefansson, KariContributors: “...1deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland. 2School of Engineering and Natural Sciences...”
Published in Nature Genetics (2016)
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426by Palsson, Olafur, Love, Thorvardur Jon, Gunnarsdottir, Anna Ingibjorg, Gunnarsson, Petur Sigurdur, Runarsdottir, Eydis Erla, Krogh, Niels Steen, Gudbjornsson, BjornContributors: “...1 Centre for Rheumatology Research, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland. 2...”
Published in RMD Open (2019)
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427by Sigurdsson, Bjarni, Palsson, Sigurdur Pall, Aevarsson, Olafur, Olafsdottir, Maria, Johannsson, MagnusContributors: “...1 Univ Iceland, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Fac Med, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland 2 Univ Hosp Iceland...”
Published in Journal of Affective Disorders (2015)
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428by Oskarsdóttir, Alma Rut, Gudmundsdottir, Brynja R, Indridason, Olafur S, Lund, Sigrun H, Arnar, David O, Bjornsson, Einar S, Magnusson, Magnus K, Jensdottir, Hulda M, Vidarsson, Brynjar, Francis, Charles W, Onundarson, Pall TContributors: “...1 Department of Laboratory Hematology, Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, K...”
Published in Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis (2017)
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429by Óskarsson, Ýmir, Guðnason, Þórólfur, Jónsdóttir, Guðbjörg A, Kristinsson, Karl G, Briem, Haraldur, Haraldsson, ÁsgeirContributors: “...1 Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland 2 Directorate Hlth Chief Epidemiologist, Reykjavik...”
Published in Vaccine (2016)
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430by Gretarsdottir, Helga M, Jonasson, Jon Gunnlaugur, Björnsson, Einar SContributors: “...1 Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Internal Med, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland...”
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology (2015)
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431by Thordardottir, Edda Bjork, Gudmundsdottir, Berglind, Petursdottir, Gudrun, Valdimarsdottir, Unnur Anna, Hauksdottir, ArnaContributors: “...1 Univ Iceland, Sch Hlth Sci, Fac Med, Ctr Publ Hlth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland 2 Landspitali Natl...”
Published 2018
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432by Sveinsdóttir, Herdís, Flygenring, Birna Guðrún, Svavarsdóttir, Margrét Hrönn, Thorsteinsson, Hrund Scheving, Kristófersson, Gísli Kort, Bernharðsdóttir, Jóhanna, Svavarsdóttir, Erla KolbrúnContributors: “...1University of Iceland, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing, Eirberg, Eiríksgata 34...”
Published in Nurse Education Today (2022)
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433by Bjarnadottir, G D, Johannsson, M, Magnusson, A, Rafnar, B O, Sigurdsson, E, Steingrimsson, S, Asgrimsson, V, Snorradottir, I, Bragadottir, H, Haraldsson, H MContributors: “...1 Mental Health Services, Landspitali - The National University Hospital, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland...”
Published in Drug and Alcohol Dependence (2017)
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434by Halldorsson, Jonas G, Arnkelsson, Gudmundur B, Tomasson, Kristinn, Flekkoy, Kjell M, Magnadottir, Hulda Bra, Arnarson, Eirikur OrnContributors: “...Univ Iceland, Fac Med, Reykjavik, Iceland, Landspitali Univ Hosp, Psychol Serv, IS-108 Reykjavik...”
Published in Brain Injury (2013)
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435by Grétarsdóttir, Áslaug Salka, Aspelund, Thor, Steingrímsdóttir, Þóra, Bjarnadóttir, Ragnheiður Ingibjörg, Einarsdóttir, KristjanaContributors: “...1 Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland...”
Published in Birth (2019)
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436by Valgeirsson, Kjartan B, Hreinsson, Jóhann P, Björnsson, Einar SContributors: “...1 Department of Internal Medicine, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. 2...”
Published in Liver International (2019)
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437by Jonsdottir, Jona Ingibjorg, Zoëga, Sigridur, Saevarsdottir, Thorunn, Sverrisdottir, Asgerdur, Thorsdottir, Thora, Einarsson, Gudmundur Vikar, Gunnarsdottir, Sigridur, Fridriksdottir, N.Contributors: “...1 Landspitali Natl Univ Hosp Iceland, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland 2 Univ Iceland, Saemundargata 2...”
Published in European Journal of Oncology Nursing (2016)
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438by Rögnvaldsson, Sæmundur, Love, Thorvardur Jon, Thorsteinsdottir, Sigrun, Reed, Elín Ruth, Óskarsson, Jón Þórir, Pétursdóttir, Íris, Sigurðardóttir, Guðrún Ásta, Viðarsson, Brynjar, Önundarson, Páll Torfi, Agnarsson, Bjarni A, Sigurðardóttir, Margrét, Þorsteinsdóttir, Ingunn, Ólafsson, Ísleifur, Þórðardóttir, Ásdís Rósa, Eyþórsson, Elías, Jónsson, Ásbjörn, Björnsson, Andri S, Gunnarsson, Gunnar Þór, Pálsson, Runólfur, Indriðason, Ólafur Skúli, Gíslason, Gauti Kjartan, Ólafsson, Andri, Hákonardóttir, Guðlaug Katrín, Brinkhuis, Manje, Halldórsdóttir, Sara Lovísa, Ásgeirsdóttir, Tinna Laufey, Steingrímsdóttir, Hlíf, Danielsen, Ragnar, Dröfn Wessman, Inga, Kampanis, Petros, Hulcrantz, Malin, Durie, Brian G M, Harding, Stephen, Landgren, Ola, Kristinsson, Sigurður YngviContributors: “...1Faculty of Medicine, Univeristy of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. 2Dept of Hematology...”
Published in Blood Cancer Journal (2021)
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439by Gisladottir, Agnes, Harlow, Bernard L, Gudmundsdottir, Berglind, Bjarnadottir, Ragnheidur I, Jonsdottir, Eyrun, Aspelund, Thor, Cnattingius, Sven, Valdimarsdottir, Unnur AContributors: “...Univ Iceland, Ctr Publ Hlth Sci, Reykjavik, Iceland, Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol...”
Published in Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica (2014)
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440by Einarsdóttir, Kristjana, Sigurðardóttir, Hekla, Ingibjörg Bjarnadóttir, Ragnheiður, Steingrímsdóttir, Þóra, Smárason, Alexander KContributors: “...1 Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland...”
Published in Birth (2019)
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