Grenoble
Grenoble ( ; ; or ; ) is the prefecture and largest city of the Isère department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of southeastern France. It was the capital of the Dauphiné historical province and lies where the river Drac flows into the Isère at the foot of the French Alps.The population of the commune of Grenoble was 158,198 as of 2019, while the population of the Grenoble metropolitan area (French: or ) was 714,799 which makes it the largest metropolis in the Alps, ahead of Innsbruck and Bolzano. A significant European scientific centre, the city advertises itself as the "Capital of the Alps", due to its size and its proximity to the mountains. The many suburban communes that make up the rest of the metropolitan area include four with populations exceeding 20,000: Saint-Martin-d'Hères, Échirolles, Fontaine and Voiron.
Grenoble's history goes back over 2,000 years, to a time when it was a village of the Allobroges Gallic tribe. It became the capital of the Dauphiné in the 11th century. This status, consolidated by the annexation to France, allowed it to develop its economy. Grenoble then became a parliamentary and military city, close to the border with Savoy, which at the time was part of the Holy Roman Empire. Industrial development increased the prominence of Grenoble through several periods of economic expansion over the last three centuries. This started with a booming glove industry in the 18th and 19th centuries, continued with the development of a strong hydropower industry in the late 19th to early 20th centuries, and ended with a post-World War II economic boom symbolized by the holding of the X Olympic Winter Games in 1968.
The city has grown to be one of Europe's most important research, technology and innovation centres, with one in five inhabitants working directly in these fields. Grenoble is classified as a global city with the ranking of "sufficiency" by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. The city held the title of European Green Capital in 2022. Provided by Wikipedia
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661by Chan-Tung, LudovicContributors: “...Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble...”
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662by Guilhaudis, Jean-François, Fontanel, JacquesContributors: “...Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble...”
Published in Paix et sécurité européenne et internationale (2021)
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663by Chan-Tung, LudovicContributors: “...Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Sciences Po Grenoble - Institut d'études politiques de Grenoble...”
Published 2020
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664Contributors: “...Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre...”
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665Contributors: “...Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre...”
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666by Laube, J., Hogan, C., Newland, M.J., Mani, F. S., Fraser, P., Brenninkmeijer, C.-A.-M., Martinerie, Patricia, Oram, D. E., Röckmann, T., Schwander, Jakob, Witrant, Emmanuel, Mills, G.P., Reeves, C.E., Sturges, W. T.Contributors: “... (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG)...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2012)
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667by Barthélemy, Mathieu, Kalegaev, Vladimir, Vialatte, Anne, Le Coarer, Etienne, Kerstel, Erik, Basaev, Alexander, Bourdarot, Guillaume, Prugniaux, Melanie, Sequies, Thierry, Rolland, Etienne, Aubert, Emmanuelle, Grennerat, Vincent, Ayasso, H, Busom Vidal, Arnau, Apper, Fabien, Stepanov, Mikhail, Escudier, Benedicte, Croize, Laurence, Romand, Frédéric, Payan, Sébastien, Panasyuk, MikhailContributors: “...Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG)...”
Published in Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate (2018)
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668by Barthélemy, Mathieu, Kalegaev, Vladimir, Vialatte, Anne, Le Coarer, Etienne, Kerstel, Erik, Basaev, Alexander, Bourdarot, Guillaume, Prugniaux, Melanie, Sequies, Thierry, Rolland, Etienne, Aubert, Emmanuelle, Grennerat, Vincent, Ayasso, H, Busom Vidal, Arnau, Apper, Fabien, Stepanov, Mikhail, Escudier, Benedicte, Croizé, Laurence, Romand, Frédéric, Payan, Sébastien, Panasyuk, MikhailContributors: “...Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG)...”
Published in Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate (2018)
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669by Penduff, Thierry, Barnier, Bernard, Dewar, William K., O'Brien, James J.Contributors: “...Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels Grenoble (LEGI)...”
Published in Journal of Physical Oceanography (2004)
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670by Penduff, Thierry, Barnier, Bernard, Dewar, William K., O'Brien, James J.Contributors: “...Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels Grenoble (LEGI)...”
Published in Journal of Physical Oceanography (2004)
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671by Penduff, Thierry, Barnier, Bernard, Dewar, William K., O'Brien, James J.Contributors: “...Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels Grenoble (LEGI)...”
Published in Journal of Physical Oceanography (2004)
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672
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673by Gratia, SéverineContributors: “...Université Grenoble Alpes - Institut national supérieur du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie...”
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674by Gratia, SéverineContributors: “...Université Grenoble Alpes - Institut national supérieur du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie...”
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675by Gratia, SéverineContributors: “...Université Grenoble Alpes - Institut national supérieur du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie...”
Published 2020
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676by Zuiderweg, A., Holzinger, R., Martinerie, Patricia, Schneider, R., Kaiser, J., Witrant, Emmanuel, Etheridge, D., Petrenko, V., Blunier, T., Röckmann, T.Contributors: “...Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG)...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2013)
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677by Laube, J. C., Martinerie, Patricia, Witrant, Emmanuel, Blunier, T., Schwander, J., Brenninkmeijer, C.-A.-M., Schuck, T.J., Bolder, M., Röckmann, T., van Der Veen, C., Bönisch, H., Engel, A., Mills, G.P., Newland, M.J., Oram, D. E., Reeves, C.E., Sturges, W. T.Contributors: “...Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG)...”
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2010)
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678by Newland, M., Oram, D., Laube, J., Hogan, C., Sturges, B., Reeves, C., Martinerie, P., Fraser, P., Witrant, Emmanuel, Blunier, T., Schwander, J., Brenninkmeijer, C., Schuck, T., Bolder, M., Röckmann, T., van Der Veen, C., Bönisch, H., Engel, A., Mills, G.Contributors: “...Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG)...”
Published 2011
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679by Newland, M., Oram, D., Laube, J., Hogan, C., Sturges, B., Reeves, C., Martinerie, P., Fraser, P., Witrant, Emmanuel, Blunier, T., Schwander, J., Brenninkmeijer, C., Schuck, T., Bolder, M., Röckmann, T., van Der Veen, C., Bönisch, H., Engel, A., Mills, G.Contributors: “...Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG)...”
Published 2011
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680by Newland, M., Oram, D., Laube, J., Hogan, C., Sturges, B., Reeves, C., Martinerie, P., Fraser, P., Witrant, Emmanuel, Blunier, T., Schwander, J., Brenninkmeijer, C., Schuck, T., Bolder, M., Röckmann, T., van Der Veen, C., Bönisch, H., Engel, A., Mills, G.Contributors: “...Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG)...”
Published 2011
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