Grenoble
![From upper left: Panorama of the city, [[Grenoble-Bastille cable car|Grenoble’s cable cars]], place Saint-André, jardin de ville, banks of the Isère](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Panorama_grenoble.png)
The population of the commune of Grenoble was 158,198 as of 2019, while the population of the Grenoble metropolitan area (French: or ) was 714,799 which makes it the largest metropolis in the Alps, ahead of Innsbruck and Bolzano. A significant European scientific centre, the city advertises itself as the "Capital of the Alps", due to its size and its proximity to the mountains. The many suburban communes that make up the rest of the metropolitan area include four with populations exceeding 20,000: Saint-Martin-d'Hères, Échirolles, Fontaine and Voiron.
Grenoble's history goes back over 2,000 years, to a time when it was a village of the Allobroges Gallic tribe. It became the capital of the Dauphiné in the 11th century. This status, consolidated by the annexation to France, allowed it to develop its economy. Grenoble then became a parliamentary and military city, close to the border with Savoy, which at the time was part of the Holy Roman Empire. Industrial development increased the prominence of Grenoble through several periods of economic expansion over the last three centuries. This started with a booming glove industry in the 18th and 19th centuries, continued with the development of a strong hydropower industry in the late 19th to early 20th centuries, and ended with a post-World War II economic boom symbolized by the holding of the X Olympic Winter Games in 1968.
The city has grown to be one of Europe's most important research, technology and innovation centres, with one in five inhabitants working directly in these fields. Grenoble is classified as a global city with the ranking of "sufficiency" by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. The city held the title of European Green Capital in 2022. Provided by Wikipedia
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601Contributors: “...Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG)...”
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602by Bock, J., Martinerie, Patricia, Witrant, Emmanuel, Chappellaz, JérômeContributors: “...Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG)...”
Published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2012)
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603by Bock, J., Martinerie, Patricia, Witrant, Emmanuel, Chappellaz, JérômeContributors: “...Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG)...”
Published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2012)
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604by Bock, J., Martinerie, Patricia, Witrant, Emmanuel, Chappellaz, JérômeContributors: “...Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG)...”
Published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2012)
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605by Bock, J., Martinerie, Patricia, Witrant, Emmanuel, Chappellaz, JérômeContributors: “...Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG)...”
Published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters (2012)
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606by Ajayi, Adekunle-Opeoluwa, Sommeria, Joël, Raja, Keshav Jayakrishnan, Staquet, Chantal, Viboud, Samuel, Voisin, BrunoContributors: “... Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP...”
Published 2017
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607by Staquet, Chantal, Garcia Molina, Cruz, Sommeria, Joël, Ajayi, Adekunle-Opeoluwa, Voisin, BrunoContributors: “...Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels Grenoble (LEGI )...”
Published 2019
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608by Hagenmuller, Pascal, Flin, Frederic, Dumont, Marie, Tuzet, François, Peinke, Isabel, Lapalus, Philippe, Dufour, Anne, Roulle, Jacques, Pézard, Laurent, Voisin, Didier, Andò, Edward, Rolland Du Roscoat, Sabine, Charrier, PascalContributors: “...Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2019)
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609by Hagenmuller, Pascal, Flin, Frederic, Dumont, Marie, Tuzet, François, Peinke, Isabel, Lapalus, Philippe, Dufour, Anne, Roulle, Jacques, Pézard, Laurent, Voisin, Didier, Andò, Edward, Rolland Du Roscoat, Sabine, Charrier, PascalContributors: “...Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble...”
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610by Hagenmuller, Pascal, Flin, Frederic, Dumont, Marie, Tuzet, François, Peinke, Isabel, Lapalus, Philippe, Dufour, Anne, Roulle, Jacques, Pézard, Laurent, Voisin, Didier, Andò, Edward, Rolland Du Roscoat, Sabine, Charrier, PascalContributors: “...Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2019)
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611by Staquet, Chantal, Garcia Molina, Cruz, Sommeria, Joël, Ajayi, Adekunle-Opeoluwa, Voisin, BrunoContributors: “...Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels Grenoble (LEGI )...”
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612by Ajayi, Adekunle-Opeoluwa, Sommeria, Joël, Raja, Keshav Jayakrishnan, Staquet, Chantal, Viboud, Samuel, Voisin, BrunoContributors: “...Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble...”
Published 2017
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613by Hagenmuller, Pascal, Flin, Frederic, Dumont, Marie, Tuzet, François, Peinke, Isabel, Lapalus, Philippe, Dufour, Anne, Roulle, Jacques, Pézard, Laurent, Voisin, Didier, Andò, Edward, Rolland Du Roscoat, Sabine, Charrier, PascalContributors: “...Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2019)
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614by Ajayi, Adekunle-Opeoluwa, Sommeria, Joël, Raja, Keshav Jayakrishnan, Staquet, Chantal, Viboud, Samuel, Voisin, BrunoContributors: “...Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble...”
Published 2017
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615by Hagenmuller, Pascal, Flin, Frederic, Dumont, Marie, Tuzet, François, Peinke, Isabel, Lapalus, Philippe, Dufour, Anne, Roulle, Jacques, Pézard, Laurent, Voisin, Didier, Andò, Edward, Rolland Du Roscoat, Sabine, Charrier, PascalContributors: “...Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2019)
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616by Staquet, Chantal, Garcia Molina, Cruz, Sommeria, Joël, Ajayi, Adekunle-Opeoluwa, Voisin, BrunoContributors: “...Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels Grenoble (LEGI )...”
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617by Hagenmuller, Pascal, Flin, Frederic, Dumont, Marie, Tuzet, François, Peinke, Isabel, Lapalus, Philippe, Dufour, Anne, Roulle, Jacques, Pézard, Laurent, Voisin, Didier, Andò, Edward, Rolland Du Roscoat, Sabine, Charrier, PascalContributors: “...Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble...”
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618by Mathias, Delphine, Thode, Aaron, Straley, Jan, Andrews, Russ, Le Bot, Olivier, Gervaise, Cedric, Mars, JeromeContributors: “...Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab)...”
Published 2013
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619by Mathias, Delphine, Thode, Aaron, Straley, Jan, Andrews, Russ, Le Bot, Olivier, Gervaise, Cedric, Mars, JeromeContributors: “...Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab)...”
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620by Mathias, Delphine, Thode, Aaron, Straley, Jan, Andrews, Russ, Le Bot, Olivier, Gervaise, Cedric, Mars, Jerome, I.Contributors: “...Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab)...”
Published 2013
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