Gong
A gong is a percussion instrument originating in East Asia and Southeast Asia. A gong is a flat, circular metal disc that is typically struck with a mallet. They can be small or large in size, and tuned or can require tuning.The earliest possible depictions of gongs is from the details on the surface of the Ngọc Lũ I bronze drum (c. 3rd to 2nd century BC) from the Dong Son culture of northern Vietnam. It depicts what looks like seven-gong ensembles along with other instruments (including cymbals/bells and the bronze drums themselves). The oldest undisputed historical mention of gongs can be found in sixth century AD Chinese records, which mentioned it as a foreign instrument that came from a country between Tibet and Burma. The term ''gong'' () originated in the Indonesian island of Java. Scientific and archaeological research has established that Burma, China, Java and Annam were the four main gong manufacturing centres of the ancient world. The gong found its way into the Western World in the 18th century, when it was also used in the percussion section of a Western-style symphony orchestra. A form of bronze cauldron gong known as a resting bell was widely used in ancient Greece and Rome: for instance in the famous Oracle of Dodona, where disc gongs were also used.
Gongs generally fall into three types: Suspended gongs are more or less flat, circular discs of metal suspended vertically by means of a cord passed through holes near to the top rim. Bossed or nipple gongs have a raised centre boss or knob and are often suspended and played horizontally. Bowl gongs are bowl-shaped and rest on cushions. The latter may be considered a member of the bell category. Gongs are made mainly from bronze or brass, though there are many other alloys in use.
Gongs produce two distinct types of sound. A gong with a substantially flat surface vibrates in multiple modes, giving a "crash" rather than a tuned note. This category of gong is sometimes called a tam-tam, to distinguish it from the bossed gongs that give a tuned note. In Indonesian gamelan ensembles, some bossed gongs are deliberately made to generate an additional beat note in the range from about 1 to 5 Hz. The use of the term "gong" for both these types of instrument is common. Provided by Wikipedia
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1281by Whitmee, Sarah, Haines, Andy, Beyrer, Chris, Boltz, Frederick, Capon, Anthony G., Dias, Braulio Ferreira D.S, Ezeh, Alex, Frumkin, Howard, Gong, Peng, Head, Peter, Horton, Richard, Mace, Georgina M., Marten, Robert, Myers, Samuel S., Nishtar, Sania, Osofsky, Steven A., Pattanayak, Subhrendu K., Pongsiri, Montira J., Romanelli, Cristina, Soucat, Agnes, Vega, Jeanette, Yach, DerekGet access
Published 2015
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1282by Sims, Geoff, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Everett, Jon R., Feng, LongLong, Gong, Xuefei, Hengst, Shane, Hu, Zhongwen, Lawrence, Jon S., Luong-Van, Daniel M., Moore, Anna M., Riddle, Reed, Shang, Zhaohui, Storey, John W. V., Tothill, Nick, Travouillon, Tony, Wang, Lifan, Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union (2012)
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1283by Sims, Geoff, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Everett, Jon R., Feng, Longlong, Gong, Xuefei, Hengst, Shane, Hu, Zhongwen, Lawrence, Jon S., Luong-Van, Daniel M., Moore, Anna M., Riddle, Reed, Shang, Zhaohui, Storey, John W., Tothill, Nicholas F. H. (R17058), Travouillon, Tony, Wang, Lifan, Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Zhou, XuGet access
Published in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2012)
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1284by Lingzhi Wang, Lucas M. Macri, Kevin Krisciunas, Lifan Wang, Michael C. B. Ashley, Xiangqun Cui, Long-long Feng, Xuefei Gong, Jon S. Lawrence, Qiang Liu, Daniel Luong-van, Carl R. Pennypacker, Zhaohui Shang, John W. V. Storey, Huigen Yang, Ji Yang, Xiangyan Yuan, Donald G. York, Xu Zhou, Zhenxi Zhu, Zonghong ZhuGet access
Published 2011
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1285by M. C. B. Ashley, G. Allen, C. S. Bonner, S. G. Bradley, X. Cui, J. R. Everett, L. Feng, X. Gong, S. Hengst, J. Hu, Z. Jiang, C. A. Kulesa, J. S. Lawrence, Y. Li, D. M. Luong-van, H. Yang, J. Yang, D. York, X. Yuan, X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, X. Zhou, Z. ZhuGet access
Published 2010
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1286by Wang, L., Macri, L.M., Krisciunas, K., Wang, L., M.C.B., Ashley, Cui, X., Feng, L.-L., Gong, X., Lawrence, J.S., Liu, Q., Luong-Van, D., Pennypacker, C.R., Shang, Z., Storey J.W.V., Yang, H., Yang, J., Yuan, X., York, D.G., Zhou, X., Zhu, Z., Zhu, Z.Get access
Published 2011
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1287by Sims, Geoff, Ashley, Michael C B, Cui, Xiangqun, Everett, Jon R., Feng, Longlong, Gong, Xuefei, Hengst, Shane, Hu, Zhongwen, Lawrence, Jon S., Luong-Van, Daniel M., Moore, Anna M., Riddle, Reed, Shang, Zhaohui, Storey, John W V, Tothill, Nick, Travouillon, Tony, Wang, Lifan, Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union (2012)
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1288by Yi Zhang, Yan Gong, Chengyu Wang, Wensen Liu, Zhongyi Wang, Zhiping Xia, Zhaoyang Bu, Huijun Lu, Yang Sun, Xiaoguang Zhang, Yuxi Cao, Fan Yang, Haoxiang Su, Yi Hu, Yongqiang Deng, Bo Zhou, Zongzheng Zhao, Yingying Fu, David Kargbo, Foday Dafae, Brima Kargbo, Alex Kanu, Linna Liu, Jun Qian, Zhendong GuoGet access
Published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2017)
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1289by Wang, Lingzhi, Macri, Lucas M., Krisciunas, Kevin, Wang, Lifan, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Feng, Long-Long, Gong, Xuefei, Lawrence, Jon S., Liu, Qiang, Luong-Van, Daniel, Pennypacker, Carl R., Shang, Zhaohui, Storey, John W. V., Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Yuan, Xiangyan, York, Donald G., Zhou, Xu, Zhu, Zhenxi, Zhu, ZonghongGet access
Published 2011
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1290by Wang, Lingzhi, Macri, Lucas M., Krisciunas, Kevin, Wang, Lifan, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Feng, Long-Long, Gong, Xuefei, Lawrence, Jon S., Liu, Qiang, Luong-Van, Daniel, Pennypacker, Carl R., Shang, Zhaohui, Storey, John W. V., Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Yuan, Xiangyan, York, Donald G., Zhou, Xu, Zhu, Zhenxi, Zhu, ZonghongGet access
Published in The Astronomical Journal (2011)
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1291by Starr, Aidan, Hall, Ian R., Barker, Stephen, Rackow, Thomas, Zhang, Xu, Hemming, Sidney R., van der Lubbe, H. J. L., Knorr, Gregor, Berke, Melissa A., Bigg, Grant R., Cartagena, Alejandra, Jiménez-Espejo, Francisco, Gong, Xun, Gruetzner, Jens, Lathika, Nambiyathodi, LeVay, Leah J., Robinson, Rebecca S., Ziegler, Martin, Exp. 361 Science PartyGet access
Published in Nature (2021)
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1292by Sims, Geoff, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Everett, Jon R., Feng, LongLong, Gong, Xuefei, Hengst, Shane, Hu, Zhongwen, Lawrence, Jon S., Luong-Van, Daniel M., Moore, Anna M., Riddle, Reed, Shang, Zhaohui, Storey, John W. V., Tothill, Nick, Travouillon, Tony, Wang, Lifan, Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2012)
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1293by Sims, Geoff, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Everett, Jon R., Feng, LongLong, Gong, Xuefei, Hengst, Shane, Hu, Zhongwen, Lawrence, Jon S., Luong-van, Daniel M., Moore, Anna M., Riddle, Reed, Shang, Zhaohui, Storey, John W. V., Tothill, Nick, Travouillon, Tony, Wang, Lifan, Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2012)
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1294by Sims, Geoff, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Everett, Jon R., Feng, Longlong, Gong, Xuefei, Hengst, Shane, Hu, Zhongwen, Lawrence, Jon S., Luong-Van, Daniel M., Moore, Anna M., Riddle, Reed, Shang, Zhaohui, Storey, John W V, Tothill, Nick, Travouillon, Tony, Wang, Lifan, Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2012)
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1296
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1297by Moore, Anna M., Yang, Yi, Fu, Jianning, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Feng, Long Long, Gong, Xuefei, Hu, Zhongwen, Lawrence, Jon S., Luong-Van, Daniel M., Riddle, Reed, Shang, Zhaohui, Sims, Geoff, Storey, John W. V., Tothill, Nicholas F. H., Travouillon, Tony, Wang, Lifan, Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union (2012)
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1298by Moore, Anna M., Yang, Yi, Fu, Jianning, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Feng, Longlong, Gong, Xuefei, Hu, Zhongwen, Lawrence, Jon S., Luong-Van, Daniel M., Riddle, Reed, Shang, Zhaohui, Sims, Geoff, Storey, John W., Tothill, Nicholas F. H. (R17058), Travouillon, Tony, Wang, Lifan, Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union (2013)
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1299by Moore, Anna M., Yang, Yi, Fu, Jianning, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Feng, LongLong, Gong, Xuefei, Hu, Zhongwen, Lawrence, Jon S., Luong-van, Daniel M., Riddle, Reed, Shang, Zhaohui, Sims, Geoff, Storey, John W. V., Tothill, Nicholas F. H., Travouillon, Tony, Wang, Lifan, Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published 2013
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1300by Author(s) Geoff Sims, Michael C. B. Ashley, Xiangqun Cui, Jon R. Everett, Longlong Feng, Xuefei Gong, Shane Hengst, Zhongwen Hu, Jon S. Lawrence, Daniel M. Luong-van, Anna M, Reed Riddle, Zhaohui Shang, John W. V. Storey, Nick Tothill, Tony Travouillon, Huigen Yang, Ji Yang, Xu Zhou, Zhenxi Zhu, Geoff Sims, Anna M. MooreGet access
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