Gong
A gong is a percussion instrument originating in East Asia and Southeast Asia. A gong is a flat, circular metal disc that is typically struck with a mallet. They can be small or large in size, and tuned or can require tuning.The earliest possible depictions of gongs is from the details on the surface of the Ngọc Lũ I bronze drum (c. 3rd to 2nd century BC) from the Dong Son culture of northern Vietnam. It depicts what looks like seven-gong ensembles along with other instruments (including cymbals/bells and the bronze drums themselves). The oldest undisputed historical mention of gongs can be found in sixth century AD Chinese records, which mentioned it as a foreign instrument that came from a country between Tibet and Burma. The term ''gong'' () originated in the Indonesian island of Java. Scientific and archaeological research has established that Burma, China, Java and Annam were the four main gong manufacturing centres of the ancient world. The gong found its way into the Western World in the 18th century, when it was also used in the percussion section of a Western-style symphony orchestra. A form of bronze cauldron gong known as a resting bell was widely used in ancient Greece and Rome: for instance in the famous Oracle of Dodona, where disc gongs were also used.
Gongs generally fall into three types: Suspended gongs are more or less flat, circular discs of metal suspended vertically by means of a cord passed through holes near to the top rim. Bossed or nipple gongs have a raised centre boss or knob and are often suspended and played horizontally. Bowl gongs are bowl-shaped and rest on cushions. The latter may be considered a member of the bell category. Gongs are made mainly from bronze or brass, though there are many other alloys in use.
Gongs produce two distinct types of sound. A gong with a substantially flat surface vibrates in multiple modes, giving a "crash" rather than a tuned note. This category of gong is sometimes called a tam-tam, to distinguish it from the bossed gongs that give a tuned note. In Indonesian gamelan ensembles, some bossed gongs are deliberately made to generate an additional beat note in the range from about 1 to 5 Hz. The use of the term "gong" for both these types of instrument is common. Provided by Wikipedia
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1241by Welti, André, Bigg, Keith E., DeMott, Paul J., Gong, Xianda, Hartmann, Markus, Harvey, Mike, Henning, Silvia, Herenz, Paul, Hill, Thomas C.J., Hornblow, Blake, Leck, Caroline, Löffler, Mareike, McCluskey, Christina S., Rauker, Anne Marie, Schmale, Julia, Tatzelt, Christian, van Pinxteren, Manuela, Stratmann, FrankGet access
Published 2020
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1242by Welti, André, Bigg, Keith E., DeMott, Paul J., Gong, Xianda, Hartmann, Markus, Harvey, Mike, Henning, Silvia, Herenz, Paul, Hill, Thomas C.J., Hornblow, Blake, Leck, Caroline, Löffler, Mareike, McCluskey, Christina S., Rauker, Anne Marie, Schmale, Julia, Tatzelt, Christian, van Pinxteren, Manuela, Stratmann, FrankGet access
Published 2020
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1243by Vogl, T., Schimmel, W., Seifert, P., Kalesse-Los, H., Radenz, M., Ansmann, A., Baars, H., Barja, B., Bühl, J., Engelmann, R., Floutsi, A., Foth, A., Gong, X., Hajipour, M., Henning, S., Jimenez, C., Ohneiser, K., Stratmann, F., Tatzelt, C., Teisseire, A., Wex, H., Witthuhn, J., Zamorano, F.Get access
Published 2022
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1244by Welti, André, Bigg, Keith E., DeMott, Paul J., Gong, Xianda, Hartmann, Markus, Harvey, Mike, Henning, Silvia, Herenz, Paul, Hill, Thomas C.J., Hornblow, Blake, Leck, Caroline, Löffler, Mareike, McCluskey, Christina S., Rauker, Anne Marie, Schmale, Julia, Tatzelt, Christian, van Pinxteren, Manuela, Stratmann, FrankGet access
Published 2020
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1245by Welti, André, Bigg, Keith E., DeMott, Paul J., Gong, Xianda, Hartmann, Markus, Harvey, Mike, Henning, Silvia, Herenz, Paul, Hill, Thomas C.J., Hornblow, Blake, Leck, Caroline, Löffler, Mareike, McCluskey, Christina S., Rauker, Anne Marie, Schmale, Julia, Tatzelt, Christian, van Pinxteren, Manuela, Stratmann, FrankGet access
Published 2020
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1246by Welti, André, Bigg, Keith E., DeMott, Paul J., Gong, Xianda, Hartmann, Markus, Harvey, Mike, Henning, Silvia, Herenz, Paul, Hill, Thomas C.J., Hornblow, Blake, Leck, Caroline, Löffler, Mareike, McCluskey, Christina S., Rauker, Anne Marie, Schmale, Julia, Tatzelt, Christian, van Pinxteren, Manuela, Stratmann, FrankGet access
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1247by Welti, André, Bigg, Keith E., DeMott, Paul J., Gong, Xianda, Hartmann, Markus, Harvey, Mike, Henning, Silvia, Herenz, Paul, Hill, Thomas C.J., Hornblow, Blake, Leck, Caroline, Löffler, Mareike, McCluskey, Christina S., Rauker, Anne Marie, Schmale, Julia, Tatzelt, Christian, van Pinxteren, Manuela, Stratmann, FrankGet access
Published 2020
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1248by Welti, André, Bigg, Keith E., DeMott, Paul J., Gong, Xianda, Hartmann, Markus, Harvey, Mike, Henning, Silvia, Herenz, Paul, Hill, Thomas C.J., Hornblow, Blake, Leck, Caroline, Löffler, Mareike, McCluskey, Christina S., Rauker, Anne Marie, Schmale, Julia, Tatzelt, Christian, van Pinxteren, Manuela, Stratmann, FrankGet access
Published 2020
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1249by Welti, André, Bigg, Keith E., DeMott, Paul J., Gong, Xianda, Hartmann, Markus, Harvey, Mike, Henning, Silvia, Herenz, Paul, Hill, Thomas C.J., Hornblow, Blake, Leck, Caroline, Löffler, Mareike, McCluskey, Christina S., Rauker, Anne Marie, Schmale, Julia, Tatzelt, Christian, van Pinxteren, Manuela, Stratmann, FrankGet access
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1250by Welti, André, Bigg, Keith E., DeMott, Paul J., Gong, Xianda, Hartmann, Markus, Harvey, Mike, Henning, Silvia, Herenz, Paul, Hill, Thomas C.J., Hornblow, Blake, Leck, Caroline, Löffler, Mareike, McCluskey, Christina S., Rauker, Anne Marie, Schmale, Julia, Tatzelt, Christian, van Pinxteren, Manuela, Stratmann, FrankGet access
Published 2020
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1251by Fry, Deborah, Krzeczkowska, A, Anderson, N, Ren, J, McFeeters, A, Lu, M, Vermeulen, I, Jaramillo, K, Marmolejo Lozano, MP, Savadova, S, Kurdi, Z, Jin, W, Zhang, J, Liu, W, Lu, Y, Shangguan, S, Zhu, Y, Zhu, H, Gong, X, Lio, J, Harker-Roa & Fang, XGet access
Published 2024
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1252by Sims, Geoff, Ashley, Michael C B, Cui, Xiangqun, Everett, Jon R., Feng, Longlong, Gong, Xuefei, Hengst, Shane, Hu, Zhongwen, Kulesa, Craig, Lawrence, Jon S., Luong-Van, Daniel M., Ricaud, Philippe, Shang, Zhaohui, Storey, John W V, Wang, Lifan, Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2012)
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1253by Chen, Huai, Zhu, Qiuan, Peng, Changhui, Wu, Ning, Wang, Yanfen, Fang, Xiuqing, Gao, Yongheng, Zhu, Dan, Yang, Gang, Tian, Jianqing, Kang, Xiaoming, Piao, Shilong, Ouyang, Hua, Xiang, Wenhua, Luo, Zhibin, Jiang, Hong, Song, Xingzhang, Zhang, Yao, Yu, Guirui, Zhao, Xinquan, Gong, Peng, Yao, Tandong, Wu, JianghuaGet access
Published in Global Change Biology (2013)
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1254by Starr, Aidan, Hall, Ian R., Barker, Stephen, Hemming, Sidney R., Rackow, Thomas, Zhang, Xu, van der Lubbe, J.J.L., Knorr, Gregor, Berke, Melissa A., Bigg, Grant R., Cartagena-Sierra, Alejandra, Jimenez-Espejo, Francisco J., Gong, Xun, Gruetzner, Jens, Lathika, Nambiyathodi, LeVay, Leah J., Ziegler, MartinGet access
Published 2021
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1255by Yang, Xu, Hu, Yi, Shang, Zhaohui, Ma, Bin, Ashley, Michael C B, Cui, Xiangqun, Du, Fujia, Fu, Jianning, Gong, Xuefei, Gu, Bozhong, Jiang, Peng, Li, Xiaoyan, Li, Zhengyang, Tao, Charling, Wang, Lifan, Xu, Lingzhe, Yang, Shi-hai, Yu, Ce, Yuan, Xiangyan, Zhou, Ji-lin, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2023)
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1256by Yang, Xu, Hu, Yi, Shang, Zhaohui, Ma, Bin, Ashley, Michael C.B., Cui, Xiangqun, Du, Fujia, Fu, Jianning, Gong, Xuefei, Gu, Bozhong, Jiang, Peng, Li, Xiaoyan, Li, Zhengyang, Tao, Charling, Wang, Lifan, Xu, Lingzhe, Yang, Shi-Hai, Yu, Ce, Yuan, Xiangyan, Zhou, Ji-Lin, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2023)
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1257by Zhihua, Huang, Jianning, Fu, Weikai, Zong, Lingzhi, Wang, M, Macri Lucas, Lifan, Wang, Ashley Michael C. B., Xiangqun, Cui, Long-Long, Feng, Xuefei, Gong, S, Lawrence Jon, Qiang, Liu, Daniel, Luong-Van, R, Pennypacker Carl, Huigen, Yang, Xiangyan, Yuan, G, York Donald, Xu, Zhou, Zhenxi, Zhu, Zonghong, ZhuGet access
Published 2014
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1258by Yang, Xu, Hu, Yi, Shang, Zhaohui, Ma, Bin, Ashley, Michael C.B., Cui, Xiangqun, Du, Fujia, Fu, Jianning, Gong, Xuefei, Gu, Bozhong, Jiang, Peng, Li, Xiaoyan, Li, Zhengyang, Tao, Charling, Wang, Lifan, Xu, Lingzhe, Yang, Shi-Hai, Yu, Ce, Yuan, Xiangyan, Zhou, Ji-Lin, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2023)
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1259by Yang, Xu, Hu, Yi, Shang, Zhaohui, Ma, Bin, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Du, Fujia, Fu, Jianning, Gong, Xuefei, Gu, Bozhong, Jiang, Peng, Li, Xiaoyan, Li, Zhengyang, Tao, Charling, Wang, Lifan, Xu, Lingzhe, Yang, Shi-hai, Yu, Ce, Yuan, Xiangyan, Zhou, Ji-lin, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2023)
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1260by Gong, Xianda, Zhang, Jiaoshi, Croft, Betty, Yang, Xin, Frey, Markus M., Bergner, Nora, Chang, Rachel Y.-W., Creamean, Jessie M., Kuang, Chongai, Martin, Randall V., Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Sedlacek, Arthur J., Uin, Janek, Willmes, Sascha, Zawadowicz, Maria A., Pierce, Jeffrey R., Shupe, Matthew D., Schmale, Julia, Wang, JianGet access
Published in Nature Geoscience (2023)
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