Gong
A gong is a percussion instrument originating in East Asia and Southeast Asia. A gong is a flat, circular metal disc that is typically struck with a mallet. They can be small or large in size, and tuned or can require tuning.The earliest possible depictions of gongs is from the details on the surface of the Ngọc Lũ I bronze drum (c. 3rd to 2nd century BC) from the Dong Son culture of northern Vietnam. It depicts what looks like seven-gong ensembles along with other instruments (including cymbals/bells and the bronze drums themselves). The oldest undisputed historical mention of gongs can be found in sixth century AD Chinese records, which mentioned it as a foreign instrument that came from a country between Tibet and Burma. The term ''gong'' () originated in the Indonesian island of Java. Scientific and archaeological research has established that Burma, China, Java and Annam were the four main gong manufacturing centres of the ancient world. The gong found its way into the Western World in the 18th century, when it was also used in the percussion section of a Western-style symphony orchestra. A form of bronze cauldron gong known as a resting bell was widely used in ancient Greece and Rome: for instance in the famous Oracle of Dodona, where disc gongs were also used.
Gongs generally fall into three types: Suspended gongs are more or less flat, circular discs of metal suspended vertically by means of a cord passed through holes near to the top rim. Bossed or nipple gongs have a raised centre boss or knob and are often suspended and played horizontally. Bowl gongs are bowl-shaped and rest on cushions. The latter may be considered a member of the bell category. Gongs are made mainly from bronze or brass, though there are many other alloys in use.
Gongs produce two distinct types of sound. A gong with a substantially flat surface vibrates in multiple modes, giving a "crash" rather than a tuned note. This category of gong is sometimes called a tam-tam, to distinguish it from the bossed gongs that give a tuned note. In Indonesian gamelan ensembles, some bossed gongs are deliberately made to generate an additional beat note in the range from about 1 to 5 Hz. The use of the term "gong" for both these types of instrument is common. Provided by Wikipedia
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1201by Oelkers, Ryan J., Macri, Lucas M., Wang, Lifan, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Feng, Long-Long, Gong, Xuefei, Lawrence, Jon S., Qiang, Liu, Luong-Van, Daniel, Pennypacker, Carl R., Yang, Huigen, Yuan, Xiangyan, York, Donald G., Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published 2014
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1202by Wang, L., Ma, B., Li, G., Hu, Y., Fu, J., Wang, L., M.C.B., Ashley, Cui, X., Du, F., Gong, X., Li, X., Li, Z., Liu, Q., Pennypacker, C.R., Shang, Z., Yuan, X., York, D.G., Zhou, J.Get access
Published 2017
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1203by Ruokolainen, Juha, Malinen, Mika, Råback, Peter, Zwinger, Thomas, Takala, Eelis, Kataja, Juhani, Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien, Ilvonen, Sami, Gladstone, Rupert, Byckling, Mikko, Mondher Chekki, Gong, Cheng, Ponomarev, Pavel, Van Dongen, Eef, Robertsen, Fredrik, Wheel, Iain, Cook, Samuel, T7saeki, Luzpaz, Rich_BGet access
Published 2023
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1204by Ruokolainen, Juha, Malinen, Mika, Råback, Peter, Zwinger, Thomas, Takala, Eelis, Kataja, Juhani, Gillet-Chaulet, Fabien, Ilvonen, Sami, Gladstone, Rupert, Byckling, Mikko, Mondher Chekki, Gong, Cheng, Ponomarev, Pavel, Van Dongen, Eef, Robertsen, Fredrik, Wheel, Iain, Cook, Samuel, T7saeki, Luzpaz, Rich_BGet access
Published 2023
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1205by Da Gong, Xiaopeng Fan, Yazhou Li, Bing Li, Nan Zhang, Raphael Gromig, Emma C. Smith, Wolf Dummann, Sophie Berger, Olaf Eisen, Jan Tell, Boris K. Biskaborn, Nikola Koglin, Frank Wilhelms, Benjamin Broy, Yunchen Liu, Yang Yang, Xingchen Li, An Liu, Pavel TalalayGet access
Published in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (2019)
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1206by Oelkers, Ryan J., Macri, Lucas M., Wang, Lifan, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Feng, Long-Long, Gong, Xuefei, Lawrence, Jon S., Qiang, Liu, Luong-Van, Daniel, Pennypacker, Carl R., Yang, Huigen, Yuan, Xiangyan, York, Donald G., Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in The Astronomical Journal (2014)
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1207by Wang, Lingzhi, Ma, Bin, Li, Gang, Hu, Yi, Fu, Jianning, Wang, Lifan, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Du, Fujia, Gong, Xuefei, Li, Xiaoyan, Li, Zhengyang, Liu, Qiang, Pennypacker, Carl R., Shang, Zhaohui, Yuan, Xiangyan, York, Donald G., Zhou, JilinGet access
Published in The Astronomical Journal (2017)
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1208by Gong, Da, Fan, Xiaopeng, Li, Yazhou, Li, Bing, Zhang, Nan, Gromig, Raphael, Smith, Emma C., Dummann, Wolf, Berger, Sophie, Eisen, Olaf, Tell, Jan, Biskaborn, Boris K., Koglin, Nikola, Broy, Benjamin, Liu, Yunchen, Yang, Yang, Li, Xingchen, Talalay, Pavel, Wilhelms, Frank, Liu, AnGet access
Published in Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (2019)
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1209by Amanda F. Francisco, Gong Chen, Wen Wang, Melissa L. Sykes, Fanny Escudié, Ivan Scandale, Francisco Olmo, David M. Shackleford, Bilal Zulfiqar, Jadel M. Kratz, Thao Pham, Jessica Saunders, Meiyu Hu, Vicky M. Avery, Susan A. Charman, John M. Kelly, Eric ChatelainGet access
Published in Frontiers in Tropical Diseases (2023)
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1210by Fan, Xiaopeng, Talalay, Pavel, Sun, Youhong, Li, Xingchen, Zhang, Nan, Markov, Alexey, Yang, Yang, Cao, Pinlu, Wang, Rusheng, Liu, Yongwen, Liu, Yunchen, Wang, Ting, Wu, Wei, Yang, Cheng, Hong, Jialin, Gong, Da, Zhang, Han, Sysoev, Mikhail, Li, Xiao, Liu, An, Li, YazhouGet access
Published in Annals of Glaciology (2020)
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1211by Welti, André, Bigg, E. Keith, DeMott, Paul J., Gong, Xianda, Hartmann, Markus, Harvey, Mike, Henning, Silvia, Herenz, Paul, Hill, Thomas C. J., Hornblow, Blake, Leck, Caroline, Löffler, Mareike, McCluskey, Christina S., Rauker, Anne Marie, Schmale, Julia, Tatzelt, Christian, Pinxteren, Manuela, Stratmann, FrankGet access
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2020)
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1212by A. Welti, E. K. Bigg, P. J. DeMott, X. Gong, M. Hartmann, M. Harvey, S. Henning, P. Herenz, T. C. J. Hill, B. Hornblow, C. Leck, M. Löffler, C. S. McCluskey, A. M. Rauker, J. Schmale, C. Tatzelt, M. van Pinxteren, F. StratmannGet access
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2020)
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1213by Gromig, Raphael, Kuhn, Gerhard, Gaedicke, Christoph, Eisen, Olaf, Smith, Emma, Dummann, Wolf, Gong, Da, Yazhou, Li, Fan, Xiaopeng, Römpler, Oliver, Berger, Sophie, Schubert, Holger, Tiedemann, Ralf, Wilhelms, Frank, Biskaborn, Boris K., Koglin, Nikola, Läufer, Andreas, Franke, Dieter, Tell, Jan, Talalay, Pavel G.Get access
Published 2019
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1214
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1215by Le Yu (5600325), Zhenrong Du (11937011), Runmin Dong (11952389), Juepeng Zheng (11952392), Ying Tu (11952394), Xin Chen (11952395), Pengyu Hao (11952399), Bo Zhong (11952402), Jiyao Zhao (10360859), Xiyu Li (11952405), Jianyu Yang (11950241), Haohuan Fu (11950244), Guangwen Yang (11952407), Peng Gong (9932184)Get access
Published 2022
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1216by Welti, André, Bigg, E. Keith, DeMott, Paul J., Gong, Xianda, Hartmann, Markus, Harvey, Mike, Henning, Silvia, Herenz, Paul, Hill, Thomas C. J., Hornblow, Blake, Leck, Caroline, Löffler, Mareike, McCluskey, Christina S., Rauker, Anne Marie, Schmale, Julia, Tatzelt, Christian, Pinxteren, Manuela, Stratmann, FrankGet access
Published 2020
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1217by Sims, Geoff, Ashley, Michael C B, Cui, Xiangqun, Everett, Jon R., Feng, Long Long, Gong, Xuefei, Hengst, Shane, Hu, Zhongwen, Lawrence, Jon S., Luong-Van, Daniel M., Shang, Zhaohui, Storey, John W V, Wang, Lifan, Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhenxiGet access
Published in SPIE Proceedings, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes III (2010)
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1218by Welti, André, Bigg, E. Keith, DeMott, Paul J., Gong, Xianda, Hartmann, Markus, Harvey, Mike, Henning, Silvia, Herenz, Paul, Hill, Thomas J., Hornblow, Blake, Leck, Caroline, Löffler, Mareike, McCluskey, Christina S., Rauker, Anne Marie, Schmale, Julia, Tatzelt, Christian, van Pinxteren, Manuela, Stratmann, FrankGet access
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2022)
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1219by Sims, Geoff, Ashley, Michael C. B., Cui, Xiangqun, Everett, Jon R., Feng, LongLong, Gong, Xuefei, Hengst, Shane, Hu, Zhongwen, Lawrence, Jon S., Luong-Van, Daniel M., Shang, Zhaohui, Storey, John W. V., Wang, Lifan, Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhengxiGet access
Published in SPIE Proceedings, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes III (2010)
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1220by Yuan, Xiangyan, Cui, Xiangqun, Gu, Bozhong, Yang, Shihai, Du, Fujia, Li, Xiaoyan, Wang, Daxing, Li, Xinnan, Gong, Xuefei, Wen, Haikun, Li, Zhengyang, Lu, Haiping, Xu, Lingzhe, Zhang, Ru, Zhang, Yi, Wang, Lifan, Shang, Zhaohui, Hu, Yi, Ma, Bin, Liu, Qiang, Wei, PengGet access
Published in SPIE Proceedings, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes V (2014)
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