Gong
A gong is a percussion instrument originating in East Asia and Southeast Asia. A gong is a flat, circular metal disc that is typically struck with a mallet. They can be small or large in size, and tuned or can require tuning.The earliest possible depictions of gongs is from the details on the surface of the Ngọc Lũ I bronze drum (c. 3rd to 2nd century BC) from the Dong Son culture of northern Vietnam. It depicts what looks like seven-gong ensembles along with other instruments (including cymbals/bells and the bronze drums themselves). The oldest undisputed historical mention of gongs can be found in sixth century AD Chinese records, which mentioned it as a foreign instrument that came from a country between Tibet and Burma. The term ''gong'' () originated in the Indonesian island of Java. Scientific and archaeological research has established that Burma, China, Java and Annam were the four main gong manufacturing centres of the ancient world. The gong found its way into the Western World in the 18th century, when it was also used in the percussion section of a Western-style symphony orchestra. A form of bronze cauldron gong known as a resting bell was widely used in ancient Greece and Rome: for instance in the famous Oracle of Dodona, where disc gongs were also used.
Gongs generally fall into three types: Suspended gongs are more or less flat, circular discs of metal suspended vertically by means of a cord passed through holes near to the top rim. Bossed or nipple gongs have a raised centre boss or knob and are often suspended and played horizontally. Bowl gongs are bowl-shaped and rest on cushions. The latter may be considered a member of the bell category. Gongs are made mainly from bronze or brass, though there are many other alloys in use.
Gongs produce two distinct types of sound. A gong with a substantially flat surface vibrates in multiple modes, giving a "crash" rather than a tuned note. This category of gong is sometimes called a tam-tam, to distinguish it from the bossed gongs that give a tuned note. In Indonesian gamelan ensembles, some bossed gongs are deliberately made to generate an additional beat note in the range from about 1 to 5 Hz. The use of the term "gong" for both these types of instrument is common. Provided by Wikipedia
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1141by Kecorius, Simonas, Vogl, Teresa, Paasonen, Pauli, Lampilahti, Janne, Rothenberg, Daniel, Wex, Heike, Zeppenfeld, Sebastian, van Pinxteren, Manuela, Hartmann, Markus, Henning, Silvia, Gong, Xianda, Welti, Andre, Kulmala, Markku, Stratmann, Frank, Herrmann, Hartmut, Wiedensohler, AlfredGet access
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2019)
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1142by Si, Yali, Xu, Yanjie, Xu, Fei, Li, Xueyan, Zhang, Wenyuan, Wielstra, Ben, Wei, Jie, Liu, Guanhua, Luo, Hao, Takekawa, John, Balachandran, Sivananintha, Zhang, Tao, de Boer, Willem F., Prins, Herbert H.T., Gong, PengGet access
Published in Ecology and Evolution (2018)
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1143by Si, Yali, Xu, Yanjie, Xu, Fei, Li, Xueyan, Zhang, Wenyuan, Wielstra, Ben, Wei, Jie, Liu, Guanhua, Luo, Hao, Takekawa, John, Balachandran, Sivananintha, Zhang, Tao, de Boer, Willem F., Prins, Herbert H. T., Gong, PengGet access
Published in Ecology and Evolution (2018)
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1144by Li, Ting-Yong, Baker, Jonathan L., Wang, Tao, Zhang, Jian, Wu, Yao, Li, Hong-Chun, Blyakharchuk, Tatiana, Yu, Tsai-Luen, Shen, Chuan-Chou, Cheng, Hai, Kong, Xing-Gong, Xie, Wen-Li, Edwards, R. LawrenceGet access
Published in Communications Earth & Environment (2021)
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1145by Ting-Yong Li, Jonathan L. Baker, Tao Wang, Jian Zhang, Yao Wu, Hong-Chun Li, Tatiana Blyakharchuk, Tsai-Luen Yu, Chuan-Chou Shen, Hai Cheng, Xing-Gong Kong, Wen-Li Xie, R. Lawrence EdwardsGet access
Published in Communications Earth & Environment (2021)
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1146by Ting-Yong Li, Jonathan L. Baker, Tao Wang, Jian Zhang, Yao Wu, Hong-Chun Li, Tatiana Blyakharchuk, Tsai-Luen Yu, Chuan-Chou Shen, Hai Cheng, Xing-Gong Kong, Wen-Li Xie, R. Lawrence EdwardsGet access
Published in Communications Earth & Environment (2021)
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1148by Shiyong Yang, Datian Li, Langkun Feng, Chaoyang Zhang, Dandan Xi, Hongli Liu, Chaozhan Yan, Zihan Xu, Yujie Zhang, Yunkun Li, Taiming Yan, Zhi He, Jiayun Wu, Quan Gong, Jun Du, Xiaoli Huang, Xiaogang DuGet access
Published in BMC Genomics (2023)
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1149by Yang, Shiyong, Li, Datian, Feng, Langkun, Zhang, Chaoyang, Xi, Dandan, Liu, Hongli, Yan, Chaozhan, Xu, Zihan, Zhang, Yujie, Li, Yunkun, Yan, Taiming, He, Zhi, Wu, Jiayun, Gong, Quan, Du, Jun, Huang, Xiaoli, Du, XiaogangGet access
Published in BMC Genomics (2023)
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1150by Yang, Shiyong, Li, Datian, Feng, Langkun, Zhang, Chaoyang, Xi, Dandan, Liu, Hongli, Yan, Chaozhan, Xu, Zihan, Zhang, Yujie, Li, Yunkun, Yan, Taiming, He, Zhi, Wu, Jiayun, Gong, Quan, Du, Jun, Huang, Xiaoli, Du, XiaogangGet access
Published 2023
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1151by Yang, Shiyong, Li, Datian, Feng, Langkun, Zhang, Chaoyang, Xi, Dandan, Liu, Hongli, Yan, Chaozhan, Xu, Zihan, Zhang, Yujie, Li, Yunkun, Yan, Taiming, He, Zhi, Wu, Jiayun, Gong, Quan, Du, Jun, Huang, Xiaoli, Du, XiaogangGet access
Published 2023
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1152by Yang, Shiyong, Li, Datian, Feng, Langkun, Zhang, Chaoyang, Xi, Dandan, Liu, Hongli, Yan, Chaozhan, Xu, Zihan, Zhang, Yujie, Li, Yunkun, Yan, Taiming, He, Zhi, Wu, Jiayun, Gong, Quan, Du, Jun, Huang, Xiaoli, Du, XiaogangGet access
Published 2023
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1153by Yang, Shiyong, Li, Datian, Feng, Langkun, Zhang, Chaoyang, Xi, Dandan, Liu, Hongli, Yan, Chaozhan, Xu, Zihan, Zhang, Yujie, Li, Yunkun, Yan, Taiming, He, Zhi, Wu, Jiayun, Gong, Quan, Du, Jun, Huang, Xiaoli, Du, XiaogangGet access
Published 2023
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1154by Van Dongen, Eef C.H. (author), Kirchner, Nina (author), van Gijzen, M.B. (author), van de Wal, Roderik S.W. (author), Zwinger, Thomas (author), Cheng, Gong (author), Lötstedt, Per (author), Von Sydow, Lina (author)Get access
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2018)
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1155by Bonner, C. S., Ashley, M. C. B., Cui, X., Feng, L., Gong, X., Lawrence, J. S., Luong-Van, D. M., Shang, Z., Storey, J. W. V., Wang, L., Yang, H., Yang, J., Zhou, X., Zhu, Z.Get access
Published in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2010)
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1156by Bonner, C. S., Ashley, M. C B, Cui, X., Feng, L., Gong, X., Lawrence, J. S., Luong-Van, D. M., Shang, Z., Storey, J. W V, Wang, L., Yang, H., Yang, J., Zhou, X., Zhu, Z.Get access
Published in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (2010)
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1157by Wen-Chen Chou, Lan-Feng Fan, Chang-Chang Yang, Ying-Hsuan Chen, Chin-Chang Hung, Wei-Jen Huang, Yung-Yen Shih, Keryea Soong, Hsiao-Chun Tseng, Gwo-Ching Gong, Hung-Yu Chen, Cheng-Kuan SuGet access
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2021)
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1158by Luong-Van, Daniel M., Ashley, Michael C B, Cui, Xiangqun, Everett, Jon R., Feng, Longlong, Gong, Xuefei, Hengst, Shane, Lawrence, Jon S., Storey, John W V, Wang, Lifan, Yang, Huigen, Yang, Ji, Zhou, Xu, Zhu, ZhengxiGet access
Published in SPIE Proceedings, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes III (2010)
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1159by Hao, Yu-Jiang, Zhao, Qing-Zhong, Wu, Hai-Ping, Chen, Dao-Quan, Gong, Cheng, Li, Li, Wang, Ding, Wang, D, Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, 7 South Rd East Lake, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R ChinaGet access
Published in Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology (2009)
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1160by Chou, Wen-Chen, Fan, Lan-Feng, Yang, Chang-Chang, Chen, Ying-Hsuan, Hung, Chin-Chang, Huang, Wei-Jen, Shih, Yung-Yen, Soong, Keryea, Tseng, Hsiao-Chun, Gong, Gwo-Ching, Chen, Hung-Yu, Su, Cheng-KuanGet access
Published in Frontiers in Marine Science (2021)
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