Gong
A gong is a percussion instrument originating in East Asia and Southeast Asia. A gong is a flat, circular metal disc that is typically struck with a mallet. They can be small or large in size, and tuned or can require tuning.The earliest possible depictions of gongs is from the details on the surface of the Ngọc Lũ I bronze drum (c. 3rd to 2nd century BC) from the Dong Son culture of northern Vietnam. It depicts what looks like seven-gong ensembles along with other instruments (including cymbals/bells and the bronze drums themselves). The oldest undisputed historical mention of gongs can be found in sixth century AD Chinese records, which mentioned it as a foreign instrument that came from a country between Tibet and Burma. The term ''gong'' () originated in the Indonesian island of Java. Scientific and archaeological research has established that Burma, China, Java and Annam were the four main gong manufacturing centres of the ancient world. The gong found its way into the Western World in the 18th century, when it was also used in the percussion section of a Western-style symphony orchestra. A form of bronze cauldron gong known as a resting bell was widely used in ancient Greece and Rome: for instance in the famous Oracle of Dodona, where disc gongs were also used.
Gongs generally fall into three types: Suspended gongs are more or less flat, circular discs of metal suspended vertically by means of a cord passed through holes near to the top rim. Bossed or nipple gongs have a raised centre boss or knob and are often suspended and played horizontally. Bowl gongs are bowl-shaped and rest on cushions. The latter may be considered a member of the bell category. Gongs are made mainly from bronze or brass, though there are many other alloys in use.
Gongs produce two distinct types of sound. A gong with a substantially flat surface vibrates in multiple modes, giving a "crash" rather than a tuned note. This category of gong is sometimes called a tam-tam, to distinguish it from the bossed gongs that give a tuned note. In Indonesian gamelan ensembles, some bossed gongs are deliberately made to generate an additional beat note in the range from about 1 to 5 Hz. The use of the term "gong" for both these types of instrument is common. Provided by Wikipedia
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1081by McMillan, Stuart, Martin, Samuel A.M., Król, Elżbieta, Norambuena, Fernando, Baumgärtner, Simon, Gong, Xu, Tawfik, Marwa Mamdouh, Glencross, Brett, Taylor, John F., Tocher, Douglas R., Betancor, Mónica B.Get access
Published in Aquaculture (2024)
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1082by Yuan, Xiangyan, Cui, Xiangqun, Gong, Xuefei, Wang, Daxing, Yao, Zhengqiu, Li, Xinnan, Wen, Haikun, Zhang, Yajun, Zhang, Ru, Xu, Lingzhe, Zhou, Fang, Wang, Lifan, Shang, Zhaohui, Feng, LongLongGet access
Published in SPIE Proceedings, Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes III (2010)
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1083by Shilin Peng, Xiao Jiang, Yongzhen Tang, Chong Li, Xiaodong Li, Shengmiao Huang, Tianxin Zhu, Jianguang Shi, Youhong Sun, Pavel Talalay, Xiaopeng Fan, Nan Zhang, Bing Li, Da Gong, Haibin YuGet access
Published in Annals of Glaciology (2021)
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1084by Zhu, Meng-Hua, Chang, Jin, Ma, Tao, Ip, Wing-Huen, Fa, WenZhe, Wu, Jian, Cai, MingSheng, Gong, YiZhong, Hu, YiMing, Xu, AoAo, Tang, ZeShengGet access
Published in Scientific Reports (2013)
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1085by Chen, Wen, Zhang, Renhe, Wu, Renguang, Wen, Zhiping, Zhou, Liantong, Wang, Lin, Hu, Peng, Ma, Tianjiao, Piao, Jinling, Song, Lei, Wang, Zhibiao, Li, Juncong, Gong, Hainan, Huangfu, Jingliang, Liu, YongGet access
Published in Advances in Atmospheric Sciences (2023)
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1086by Kao, Hsuan-Yun, Su, Zhe-Xian, Shih, Hsiang-Shun, Chi, Yu-Chieh, Tsai, Cheng-Ting, Kuo, Hao-Chung, Wu, Chao-Hsin, Jou, Jau-Ji, Shih, Tien-Tsorng, Lin, Gong-RuGet access
Published in Journal of Lightwave Technology (2018)
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1087by Peng, Yongdong, Li, Hong, Liu, Zhengzhu, Zhang, Chuansheng, Li, Keqiang, Gong, Yuanfang, Geng, Liying, Su, Jingjing, Guan, Xuemin, Liu, Lei, Zhou, Ruihong, Zhao, Ziya, Guo, Jianxu, Liang, Qiqi, Li, XianglongGet access
Published in Molecular Ecology Resources (2021)
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1088by Peng, Shilin, Jiang, Xiao, Tang, Yongzhen, Li, Chong, Li, Xiaodong, Huang, Shengmiao, Zhu, Tianxin, Shi, Jianguang, Sun, Youhong, Talalay, Pavel, Fan, Xiaopeng, Zhang, Nan, Li, Bing, Gong, Da, Yu, HaibinGet access
Published in Annals of Glaciology (2021)
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1089by Nan Zhang, Hui Liu, Pavel Talalay, Youhong Sun, Na Li, Xiaopeng Fan, Bing Li, Da Gong, Jialin Hong, Ting Wang, An Liu, Yazhou Li, Yunchen Liu, Rusheng Wang, Yang Yang, Liang WangGet access
Published in Annals of Glaciology (2021)
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1090by Si, Y., Xu, Y., Xu, F., Li, X., Zhang, W., Wielstra, B., Wei, J., Liu, G., Luo, H., Takekawa, J., Balachandran, S., Zhang, T., de Boer, W.F., Prins, H.H.T., Gong, P.Get access
Published in Ecology and Evolution (2018)
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1092by Beck, Ivo, Angot, Hélène, Baccarini, Andrea, Dada, Lubna, Quéléver, Lauriane, Jokinen, Tuija, Laurila, Tiia, Lampimäki, Markus, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Boyer, Matthew, Gong, Xianda, Gysel-Beer, Martin, Petäjä, Tuukka, Wang, Jian, Schmale, JuliaGet access
Published in Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (2022)
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1093by Beck, Ivo, Angot, Hélène, Baccarini, Andrea, Dada, Lubna, Quéléver, Lauriane, Jokinen, Tuija, Laurila, Tiia, Lampimäki, Markus, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Boyer, Matthew, Gong, Xianda, Gysel-Beer, Martin, Petäjä, Tuukka, Wang, Jian, Schmale, JuliaGet access
Published in Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (2022)
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1094by Beck, Ivo, Angot, Helene, Baccarini, Andrea, Dada, Lubna, Quelever, Lauriane, Jokinen, Tuija, Laurila, Tiia, Lampimaki, Markus, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Boyer, Matthew, Gong, Xianda, Gysel-Beer, Martin, Petaja, Tuukka, Wang, Jian, Schmale, JuliaGet access
Published in Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (2022)
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1096by Beck, Ivo, Angot, Hélène, Baccarini, Andrea, Dada, Lubna, Quéléver, Lauriane, Jokinen, Tuija, Laurila, Tiia, Lampimäki, Markus, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Boyer, Matthew, Gong, Xianda, Gysel-Beer, Martin, Petäjä, Tuukka, Wang, Jian, Schmale, JuliaGet access
Published in Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (2022)
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1097by Peter R., Mika Malinen, ettaka, juhanikataja, Thomas Zwinger, juharu, fgillet, t7saeki, Sami Ilvonen, Rupert Gladstone, Mikko Byckling, Mondher, luzpaz, Cheng Gong, Rich_B, Pavel Ponomarev, Samuel, eefvandongen, Fredrik Robertsen, iwheelGet access
Published 2023
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1098by Gong, N, Yang, H, Zhang, G, Landau, BJ, Guo, X, Guo, X, Rutgers State Univ, Haskin Shellfish Res Lab, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 6959 Miller Ave, Port Norris, NJ 08349 USAGet access
Published in Heredity (2004)
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1099by Beck, Ivo, Angot, Helene, Baccarini, Andrea, Dada, Lubna, Quelever, Lauriane, Jokinen, Tuija, Laurila, Tiia, Lampimäki, Markus, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Boyer, Matthew, Gong, Xianda, Gysel-Beer, Martin, Petäjä, Tuukka, Wang, Jian, Schmale, JuliaGet access
Published in Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (2022)
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1100by Beck, Ivo, Angot, Hélène, Baccarini, Andrea, Dada, Lubna, Quéléver, Lauriane, Jokinen, Tuija, Laurila, Tiia, Lampimäki, Markus, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Boyer, Matthew, Gong, Xianda, Gysel-Beer, Martin, Petäjä, Tuukka, Wang, Jian, Schmale, JuliaGet access
Published in Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (2022)
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