Gong
A gong is a percussion instrument originating in East Asia and Southeast Asia. A gong is a flat, circular metal disc that is typically struck with a mallet. They can be small or large in size, and tuned or can require tuning.The earliest possible depictions of gongs is from the details on the surface of the Ngọc Lũ I bronze drum (c. 3rd to 2nd century BC) from the Dong Son culture of northern Vietnam. It depicts what looks like seven-gong ensembles along with other instruments (including cymbals/bells and the bronze drums themselves). The oldest undisputed historical mention of gongs can be found in sixth century AD Chinese records, which mentioned it as a foreign instrument that came from a country between Tibet and Burma. The term ''gong'' () originated in the Indonesian island of Java. Scientific and archaeological research has established that Burma, China, Java and Annam were the four main gong manufacturing centres of the ancient world. The gong found its way into the Western World in the 18th century, when it was also used in the percussion section of a Western-style symphony orchestra. A form of bronze cauldron gong known as a resting bell was widely used in ancient Greece and Rome: for instance in the famous Oracle of Dodona, where disc gongs were also used.
Gongs generally fall into three types: Suspended gongs are more or less flat, circular discs of metal suspended vertically by means of a cord passed through holes near to the top rim. Bossed or nipple gongs have a raised centre boss or knob and are often suspended and played horizontally. Bowl gongs are bowl-shaped and rest on cushions. The latter may be considered a member of the bell category. Gongs are made mainly from bronze or brass, though there are many other alloys in use.
Gongs produce two distinct types of sound. A gong with a substantially flat surface vibrates in multiple modes, giving a "crash" rather than a tuned note. This category of gong is sometimes called a tam-tam, to distinguish it from the bossed gongs that give a tuned note. In Indonesian gamelan ensembles, some bossed gongs are deliberately made to generate an additional beat note in the range from about 1 to 5 Hz. The use of the term "gong" for both these types of instrument is common. Provided by Wikipedia
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1061by Liang, Lei, Guo, Huadong, Liang, Shuang, Li, Xichen, Moore, John C., Li, Xinwu, Cheng, Xiao, Wu, Wenjin, Liu, Yan, Rinke, Annette, Jia, Gensuo, Pan, Feifei, Gong, ChenGet access
Published in National Science Review (2023)
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1062by Liang, Lei, Guo, Huadong, Liang, Shuang, Li, Xichen, Moore, John C, Li, Xinwu, Cheng, Xiao, Wu, Wenjin, Liu, Yan, Rinke, Annette, Jia, Gensuo, Pan, Feifei, Gong, ChenGet access
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1063by Sharpe, Garrett, Zhao, Liang, Meyer, Meredith G, Gong, Weida, Burns, Shannon M, Tagliabue, Allesandro, Buck, Kristen N, Santoro, Alyson E, Graff, Jason R, Marchetti, Adrian, Gifford, ScottGet access
Published in ISME Communications (2023)
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1064by Kuhn, Gerhard, Gaedicke, Christoph, Gromig, Raphael, Smith, Emma Clare, Tiedemann, Ralph, Läufer, Andreas, Wilhelms, Frank, Eisen, Olaf, Gong, Da, Yazhou, Li, Dummann, Wolf, Berger, Sophie, Römpler, OliverGet access
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1065by Kuhn, Gerhard, Gaedicke, Christoph, Gromig, Raphael, Smith, Emma Clare, Tiedemann, Ralph, Läufer, Andreas, Wilhelms, Frank, Eisen, Olaf, Gong, Da, Yazhou, Li, Dummann, Wolf, Berger, Sophie, Römpler, OliverGet access
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1066by Kuhn, Gerhard, Gaedicke, Christoph, Gromig, Raphael, Smith, Emma Clare, Tiedemann, Ralph, Läufer, Andreas, Wilhelms, Frank, Eisen, Olaf, Gong, Da, Yazhou, Li, Dummann, Wolf, Berger, Sophie, Römpler, OliverGet access
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1067by Gong, Zheng, Liang, Yantao, Wang, Min, Jiang, Yong, Yang, Qingwei, Xia, Jun, Zhou, Xinhao, You, Siyuan, Gao, Chen, Wang, Jian, He, Jianfeng, Shao, Hongbing, McMinn, AndrewGet access
Published in Frontiers in Microbiology (2018)
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1068by Pavel Talalay, Youhong Sun, Xiaopeng Fan, Nan Zhang, Pinlu Cao, Rusheng Wang, Alexey Markov, Xingchen Li, Yang Yang, Mikhail Sysoev, Yongwen Liu, Yunchen Liu, Wei Wu, Da GongGet access
Published in Annals of Glaciology (2021)
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1069by Zou, Jianjun, Shi, Xuefa, Zhu, Aimei, Kandasamy, Selvaraj, Gong, Xun, Lembke-Jene, Lester, Chen, Min-Te, Wu, Yonghua, Ge, Shulan, Liu, Yanguang, Xue, Xinru, Lohmann, Gerrit, Tiedemann, RalfGet access
Published in Climate of the Past (2020)
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1070by Zou, Jianjun, Shi, Xuefa, Zhu, Aimei, Kandasamy, Selvaraj, Gong, Xun, Lembke-Jene, Lester, Chen, Min-Te, Wu, Yonghua, Ge, Shulan, Liu, Yanguang, Xue, Xinru, Lohmann, Gerrit, Tiedemann, RalfGet access
Published 2019
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1071by Zou, Jianjun, Shi, Xuefa, Zhu, Aimei, Kandasamy, Selvaraj, Gong, Xun, Lembke-Jene, Lester, Chen, Min-Te, Wu, Yonghua, Ge, Shulan, Liu, Yanguang, Xue, Xinru, Lohmann, Gerrit, Tiedemann, RalfGet access
Published in Climate of the Past (2020)
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1072by Zou, Jianjun, Shi, Xuefa, Zhu, Aimei, Kandasamy, Selvaraj, Gong, Xun, Lembke-Jene, Lester, Chen, Min-Te, Wu, Yonghua, Ge, Shulan, Liu, Yanguang, Xue, Xinru, Lohmann, Gerrit, Tiedemann, RalfGet access
Published in Climate of the Past (2020)
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1073by Zou, Jianjun, Shi, Xuefa, Zhu, Aimei, Kandasamy, Selvaraj, Gong, Xun, Lembke-Jene, Lester, Chen, Min-Te, Wu, Yonghua, Ge, Shulan, Liu, Yanguang, Xue, Xinru, Lohmann, Gerrit, Tiedemann, RalfGet access
Published in Climate of the Past (2020)
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1074by I. Beck, H. Angot, A. Baccarini, L. Dada, L. Quéléver, T. Jokinen, T. Laurila, M. Lampimäki, N. Bukowiecki, M. Boyer, X. Gong, M. Gysel-Beer, T. Petäjä, J. Wang, J. SchmaleGet access
Published in Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (2022)
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1075by Qiaoyan Liu, Xiaojun Wang, Bing Liu, Yanhong Gong, Naomie Mkandawire, Wenzhen Li, Wenning Fu, Liqing Li, Yong Gan, Jun Shi, Bin Shi, Junan Liu, Shiyi Cao, Zuxun LuGet access
Published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2017)
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1076by Sharma, S, Chan, E, Ishizawa, M, Toom-Sauntry, D, Gong, SL, Li, SM, Tarasick, DW, Leaitch, WR, Norman, A, Quinn, PK, Bates, TS, Levasseur, M, Barrie, LA, Maenhaut, WillyGet access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres (2012)
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1077by Yang, Shiyong, Yang, Xixi, Li, Yunkun, Li, Datian, Gong, Quan, Huang, Xiaoli, Wu, Jiayun, Huang, Anqi, Kong, Fanli, Han, Xingfa, Zeng, Xianyin, Zhang, Chaoyang, Du, Jun, Du, XiaogangGet access
Published in Aquaculture (2021)
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1078by Talalay, Pavel, Sun, Youhong, Fan, Xiaopeng, Zhang, Nan, Cao, Pinlu, Wang, Rusheng, Markov, Alexey, Li, Xingchen, Yang, Yang, Sysoev, Mikhail, Liu, Yongwen, Liu, Yunchen, Wu, Wei, Gong, DaGet access
Published in Annals of Glaciology (2020)
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1079by S. Kecorius, T. Vogl, P. Paasonen, J. Lampilahti, D. Rothenberg, H. Wex, S. Zeppenfeld, M. van Pinxteren, M. Hartmann, S. Henning, X. Gong, A. Welti, M. Kulmala, F. Stratmann, H. Herrmann, A. WiedensohlerGet access
Published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2019)
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1080by Qing-Long Gong, Gui-Yang Ge, Qi Wang, Tian Tian, Fei Liu, Nai-Chao Diao, Lan-Bi Nie, Ying Zong, Jian-Ming Li, Kun Shi, Xue Leng, Rui DuGet access
Published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2021)
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