Gong
A gong is a percussion instrument originating in East Asia and Southeast Asia. A gong is a flat, circular metal disc that is typically struck with a mallet. They can be small or large in size, and tuned or can require tuning.The earliest possible depictions of gongs is from the details on the surface of the Ngọc Lũ I bronze drum (c. 3rd to 2nd century BC) from the Dong Son culture of northern Vietnam. It depicts what looks like seven-gong ensembles along with other instruments (including cymbals/bells and the bronze drums themselves). The oldest undisputed historical mention of gongs can be found in sixth century AD Chinese records, which mentioned it as a foreign instrument that came from a country between Tibet and Burma. The term ''gong'' () originated in the Indonesian island of Java. Scientific and archaeological research has established that Burma, China, Java and Annam were the four main gong manufacturing centres of the ancient world. The gong found its way into the Western World in the 18th century, when it was also used in the percussion section of a Western-style symphony orchestra. A form of bronze cauldron gong known as a resting bell was widely used in ancient Greece and Rome: for instance in the famous Oracle of Dodona, where disc gongs were also used.
Gongs generally fall into three types: Suspended gongs are more or less flat, circular discs of metal suspended vertically by means of a cord passed through holes near to the top rim. Bossed or nipple gongs have a raised centre boss or knob and are often suspended and played horizontally. Bowl gongs are bowl-shaped and rest on cushions. The latter may be considered a member of the bell category. Gongs are made mainly from bronze or brass, though there are many other alloys in use.
Gongs produce two distinct types of sound. A gong with a substantially flat surface vibrates in multiple modes, giving a "crash" rather than a tuned note. This category of gong is sometimes called a tam-tam, to distinguish it from the bossed gongs that give a tuned note. In Indonesian gamelan ensembles, some bossed gongs are deliberately made to generate an additional beat note in the range from about 1 to 5 Hz. The use of the term "gong" for both these types of instrument is common. Provided by Wikipedia
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861by Gong, Xianda, Radenz, Martin, Wex, Heike, Seifert, Patric, Ataei, Farnoush, Henning, Silvia, Baars, Holger, Barja, Boris, Ansmann, Albert, Stratmann, FrankGet access
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862by Gong, Xianda, Radenz, Martin, Wex, Heike, Seifert, Patric, Ataei, Farnoush, Henning, Silvia, Baars, Holger, Barja, Boris, Ansmann, Albert, Stratmann, FrankGet access
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863by Zhong, Y, Liu, Y, Gong, X, Wilson, D, Lu, Z, Liu, J, Song, T, Gorbarenko, S, Shi, X, Yang, X, Liu, QGet access
Published 2021
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864by Wang, Rong, Kuhn, Gerhard, Gong, Xun, Biskaborn, Boris K., Gersonde, Rainer, Lembke-Jene, Lester, Lohmann, Gerrit, Tiedemann, Ralf, Diekmann, BernhardGet access
Published in Frontiers in Earth Science (2021)
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865by Rouillard, Joti, García Ruiz, Juan Manuel, Kah, Linda, Gérard, Emmanuelle, Barrier, Laurie, Nabhan, Sami, Gong, Jian, Van Zuilen, Mark A.Get access
Published in Geobiology (2019)
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866by Xianda Gong, Yang Wang, Hua Xie, Jiaoshi Zhang, Zheng Lu, Robert Wood, Frank Stratmann, Heike Wex, Xiaohong Liu, Jian WangGet access
Published in AGU Advances (2023)
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867by Gong, Guan, Xue, Min, Wang, Jia, Wu, Xiu-feng, Zheng, Yin-hua, Han, Fang, Liang, Xu-fang, Su, Xiao-ouGet access
Published in Aquaculture (2015)
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868by Hu, Limin, Liu, Yanguang, Xiao, Xiaotong, Gong, Xun, Zou, Jianjun, Bai, Yazhi, Gorbarenko, Sergey, Fahl, Kirsten, Stein, Ruediger, Shi, XuefaGet access
Published in Marine Geology (2020)
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869by Yang, Chuanyan, Gao, Qiang, Liu, Chang, Wang, Lingling, Zhou, Zhi, Gong, Changhao, Zhang, Anguo, Zhang, Huan, Qiu, Limei, Song, LinshengGet access
Published in Fish & Shellfish Immunology (2017)
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870by Zhu, QiYang, Wang, Wei, Wang, ShengYue, Zhou, XiaoFeng, Liao, GongYun, Wang, ShuangJie, Chen, JianBingGet access
Published in Cold Regions Science and Technology (2012)
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871by Chen, Yuchuan, Gong, Jing, Shi, Bohui, Yao, Haiyuan, Liu, Yang, Fu, Shunkang, Song, Shangfei, Lv, Xiaofang, Wu, Haihao, Lou, XiaGet access
Published in Fuel (2020)
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872by Song, Shangfei, Shi, Bohui, Yu, Weichao, Ding, Lin, Chen, Yuchuan, Yu, Yifan, Ruan, Chaoyu, Liu, Yang, Wang, Wei, Gong, JingGet access
Published in Chemical Engineering Journal (2019)
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873by Liang, Xiaofang, Wang, Jia, Gong, Guan, Xue, Min, Dong, Yingchao, Wu, Xiufeng, Wang, Xin, Chen, Chunshan, Liang, Xufang, Qin, YuchangGet access
Published in Animal Nutrition (2017)
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874by Peng, Yu, Xin, Jiaxun, Peng, Nanyi, Li, Yanyi, Huang, Jijiao, Zhang, Ruiqiang, Li, Chen, Wu, Yimeng, Gong, Bingzhang, Wang, RonghuiGet access
Published in Diversity and Distributions (2023)
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875by Rouillard, Joti, García-Ruiz, Juan Manuel, Kah, Linda, Gérard, Emmanuelle, Barrier, Laurie, Nabhan, Sami, Gong, Jian, van Zuilen, Mark A.Get access
Published in Geobiology (2019)
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876by Wang, Rong, Kuhn, Gerhard, Gong, Xun, Biskaborn, Boris K., Gersonde, Rainer, Lembke-Jene, Lester, Lohmann, Gerrit, Tiedemann, Ralf, Diekmann, BernhardGet access
Published in Frontiers in Earth Science (2021)
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877by Sipler, Rachel E., Gong, Donglai, Baer, Steven E., Sanderson, Marta P., Roberts, Quinn N., Mulholland, Margaret R., Bronk, Deborah A.Get access
Published in Limnology and Oceanography Letters (2017)
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878by Linderholm, HW (Linderholm, Hans W.)1, Ou, TH (Ou, Tinghai)1,2, Jeong, JH (Jeong, Jee-Hoon)1, Folland, CK (Folland, Chris K.)3, Gong, DY (Gong, Daoyi)4, Liu, HB (Liu, Hongbin)5, Liu, Y (Liu, Yu)6, Chen, DL (Chen, Deliang)1Get access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research (2011)
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879by Li, Hao, He, Xianqiang, Bai, Yan, Shanmugam, Palanisamy, Park, Young-Je, Liu, Jia, Zhu, Qiankun, Gong, Fang, Wang, Difeng, Huang, HaiqingGet access
Published in Remote Sensing of Environment (2020)
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