Geophysics
![Illustration of the deformations of a block by body waves and surface waves (see [[seismic wave](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Pswaves.jpg)
Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins date back to ancient times. The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 AD. Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics.
Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection. In exploration geophysics, geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation. Provided by Wikipedia
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1361by Cavitte, Marie, Parrenin, Frédéric, Ritz, Catherine, Young, Duncan, Liefferinge, Brice, Blankenship, Donald, Frezzotti, Massimo, roberts, jasonContributors: “...Institute for Geophysics...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2018)
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1362by Cavitte, Marie, Parrenin, Frédéric, Ritz, Catherine, Young, Duncan, Liefferinge, Brice, Blankenship, Donald, Frezzotti, Massimo, roberts, jasonContributors: “...Institute for Geophysics...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2018)
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1363by Gardner, A. S., Moholdt, G., Cogley, J. G., Wouters, B., Arendt, A. A., Wahr, J., Berthier, Etienne, Hock, R., Pfeffer, T., Kaser, G., Ligtenberg S. R., M., Bolch, Tobias, Sharp, M. J., Hagen J., O., Van Den Broeke, M. R., Paul, FrankContributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics San Diego (IGPP)...”
Published in Science (2013)
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1364Contributors: “...Department of Geology and Geophysics New Haven...”
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1365by Rousseau, D.-D., Ghil, M., Kukla, G., Sima, A., Antoine, P., Fuchs, M., Hatté, Christine, Debret, Maxime, Moine, O.Contributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Climate of the Past (2013)
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1366by Rousseau, D.-D., Ghil, M., Kukla, G., Sima, A., Antoine, P., Fuchs, M., Hatté, Christine, Debret, Maxime, Moine, O.Contributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Climate of the Past (2013)
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1367by Rousseau, D.-D., Ghil, M., Kukla, G., Sima, A., Antoine, P., Fuchs, M., Hatté, Christine, Debret, Maxime, Moine, O.Contributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Climate of the Past (2013)
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1368by Rousseau, D.-D., Ghil, M., Kukla, G., Sima, A., Antoine, P., Fuchs, M., Hatté, Christine, Debret, Maxime, Moine, O.Contributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Climate of the Past (2013)
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1369by Vimeux, Françoise, de Angelis, Martine, Ginot, Patrick, Magand, Olivier, Casassa, Gino, Pouyaud, Bernard, Falourd, Sonia, Johnsen, SigfusContributors: “...Geophysics and Water Resources...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research (2008)
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1370by Vimeux, Françoise, de Angelis, Martine, Ginot, Patrick, Magand, Olivier, Casassa, Gino, Pouyaud, Bernard, Falourd, Sonia, Johnsen, SigfusContributors: “...Geophysics and Water Resources...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research (2008)
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1371by Vimeux, Françoise, de Angelis, Martine, Ginot, Patrick, Magand, Olivier, Casassa, Gino, Pouyaud, Bernard, Falourd, Sonia, Johnsen, SigfusContributors: “...Geophysics and Water Resources...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research (2008)
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1372by Vimeux, Françoise, de Angelis, Martine, Ginot, Patrick, Magand, Olivier, Casassa, Gino, Pouyaud, Bernard, Falourd, Sonia, Johnsen, SigfusContributors: “...Geophysics and Water Resources...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research (2008)
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1373by Vimeux, Françoise, de Angelis, Martine, Ginot, Patrick, Magand, Olivier, Casassa, Gino, Pouyaud, Bernard, Falourd, Sonia, Johnsen, SigfusContributors: “...Geophysics and Water Resources...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research (2008)
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1374by Vimeux, Françoise, de Angelis, Martine, Ginot, Patrick, Magand, Olivier, Casassa, Gino, Pouyaud, Bernard, Falourd, Sonia, Johnsen, SigfusContributors: “...Geophysics and Water Resources...”
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research (2008)
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1375by Rousseau, D.-D., Ghil, M., Kukla, G., Sima, A., Antoine, P., Fuchs, M., Hatté, Christine, Debret, Maxime, Moine, O.Contributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Climate of the Past (2013)
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1376by Rousseau, D.-D., Ghil, M., Kukla, G., Sima, A., Antoine, P., Fuchs, M., Hatté, Christine, Debret, Maxime, Moine, O.Contributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Climate of the Past (2013)
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1377by Rousseau, D.-D., Ghil, M., Kukla, G., Sima, A., Antoine, P., Fuchs, M., Hatté, Christine, Debret, Maxime, Moine, O.Contributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Climate of the Past (2013)
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1378by Rousseau, D.-D., Ghil, M., Kukla, G., Sima, A., Antoine, P., Fuchs, M., Hatté, Christine, Debret, Maxime, Moine, O.Contributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Climate of the Past (2013)
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1379by Rousseau, D.-D., Ghil, M., Kukla, G., Sima, A., Antoine, P., Fuchs, M., Hatté, Christine, Debret, Maxime, Moine, O.Contributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Climate of the Past (2013)
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1380by Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, LANDAIS, AMAELLE, Combourieu-Nebout, Nathalie, Von Grafenstein, Ulrich, Jouzel, Jean, Caillon, Nicolas, Chappellaz, Jérôme, Dahl-Jensen, Dorthe, Johnsen, Sigfus J., Stenni, BarbaraContributors: “...Geophysics and Water Resources...”
Published in Comptes Rendus Geoscience (2005)
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