Geophysics
![Illustration of the deformations of a block by body waves and surface waves (see [[seismic wave](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Pswaves.jpg)
Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins date back to ancient times. The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 AD. Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics.
Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection. In exploration geophysics, geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation. Provided by Wikipedia
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1321by Tan, Ning, Contoux, Camille, Ramstein, Gilles, Sun, Yong, Dumas, Christophe, Sepulchre, Pierre, Guo, ZhengtangContributors: “...Institute of Geology and Geophysics Beijing (IGG)...”
Published in Climate of the Past (2020)
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1322by Parrenin, Frédéric, Cavitte, Marie, M, Blankenship, Donald, D, Chappellaz, Jérôme, Fischer, Hubertus, Gagliardini, Olivier, Masson-Delmotte, Valérie, Passalacqua, Olivier, Ritz, Catherine, Roberts, Jason, Siegert, Martin, Young, Duncan, AContributors: “...Institute for Geophysics...”
Published in The Cryosphere (2017)
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1323by Goedert, Jean, Lécuyer, Christophe, Amiot, Romain, Arnaud-Godet, Florent, Wang, Xu, Cui, Linlin, Cuny, Gilles, Douay, Guillaume, Fourel, François, Panczer, Gérard, Simon, Laurent, Steyer, J.-Sébastien, Zhu, MinContributors: “...Institute of Geology and Geophysics Beijing (IGG)...”
Published in Nature (2018)
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1324by Goedert, Jean, Lécuyer, Christophe, Amiot, Romain, Arnaud-Godet, Florent, Wang, Xu, Cui, Linlin, Cuny, Gilles, Douay, Guillaume, Fourel, François, Panczer, Gérard, Simon, Laurent, Steyer, J.-Sébastien, Zhu, MinContributors: “...Institute of Geology and Geophysics Beijing (IGG)...”
Published in Nature (2018)
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1325by Retailleau, Lise, Boué, Pierre, Li, Lei, Campillo, MichelContributors: “...Department of Geophysics Stanford...”
Published in Geophysical Journal International (2020)
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1326by Retailleau, Lise, Boué, Pierre, Li, Lei, Campillo, MichelContributors: “...Department of Geophysics Stanford...”
Published in Geophysical Journal International (2020)
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1327by Retailleau, Lise, Boué, Pierre, Li, Lei, Campillo, MichelContributors: “...Department of Geophysics Stanford...”
Published in Geophysical Journal International (2020)
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1328by Gruber, Nicolas, Lachkar, Zouhair, Frenzel, Hartmut, Marchesiello, Patrick, Munnich, Matthias, Mcwilliams, James C., Nagai, Takeyoshi, Plattner, Gian-KasperContributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2011)
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1329Contributors: “...Institute of Geology and Geophysics Beijing (IGG)...”
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1330Contributors: “...Department of Geology and Geophysics New Haven...”
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1331by van Vliet-Lanoë, Brigitte, Hérisson, David, Dabrowski, Élie, Authemayou, Christine, Frechen, Manfred, Hallégouët, Bernard, Paris, FlorentinContributors: “...Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG)...”
Published in Quaternaire (2021)
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1332by Retailleau, Lise, Boué, Pierre, Li, Lei, Campillo, MichelContributors: “...Department of Geophysics Stanford...”
Published in Geophysical Journal International (2020)
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1333Contributors: “...Department of Geology and Geophysics New Haven...”
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1334by Gruber, Nicolas, Lachkar, Zouhair, Frenzel, Hartmut, Marchesiello, Patrick, Munnich, Matthias, Mcwilliams, James C., Nagai, Takeyoshi, Plattner, Gian-KasperContributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2011)
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1335Contributors: “...Department of Geology and Geophysics New Haven...”
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1336by Gruber, Nicolas, Lachkar, Zouhair, Frenzel, Hartmut, Marchesiello, Patrick, Munnich, Matthias, Mcwilliams, James C., Nagai, Takeyoshi, Plattner, Gian-KasperContributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2011)
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1337by Gruber, Nicolas, Lachkar, Zouhair, Frenzel, Hartmut, Marchesiello, Patrick, Munnich, Matthias, Mcwilliams, James C., Nagai, Takeyoshi, Plattner, Gian-KasperContributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2011)
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1338by Gruber, Nicolas, Lachkar, Zouhair, Frenzel, Hartmut, Marchesiello, Patrick, Munnich, Matthias, Mcwilliams, James C., Nagai, Takeyoshi, Plattner, Gian-KasperContributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2011)
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1339by Gruber, Nicolas, Lachkar, Zouhair, Frenzel, Hartmut, Marchesiello, Patrick, Munnich, Matthias, Mcwilliams, James C., Nagai, Takeyoshi, Plattner, Gian-KasperContributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2011)
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1340by Gruber, Nicolas, Lachkar, Zouhair, Frenzel, Hartmut, Marchesiello, Patrick, Munnich, Matthias, Mcwilliams, James C., Nagai, Takeyoshi, Plattner, Gian-KasperContributors: “...Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Los Angeles (IGPP)...”
Published in Nature Geoscience (2011)
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