Geophysics
Geophysics () is a subject of natural science concerned with the physical processes and physical properties of the Earth and its surrounding space environment, and the use of quantitative methods for their analysis. Geophysicists, who usually study geophysics, physics, or one of the Earth sciences at the graduate level, complete investigations across a wide range of scientific disciplines. The term ''geophysics'' classically refers to solid earth applications: Earth's shape; its gravitational, magnetic fields, and electromagnetic fields ; its internal structure and composition; its dynamics and their surface expression in plate tectonics, the generation of magmas, volcanism and rock formation. However, modern geophysics organizations and pure scientists use a broader definition that includes the water cycle including snow and ice; fluid dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere; electricity and magnetism in the ionosphere and magnetosphere and solar-terrestrial physics; and analogous problems associated with the Moon and other planets.Although geophysics was only recognized as a separate discipline in the 19th century, its origins date back to ancient times. The first magnetic compasses were made from lodestones, while more modern magnetic compasses played an important role in the history of navigation. The first seismic instrument was built in 132 AD. Isaac Newton applied his theory of mechanics to the tides and the precession of the equinox; and instruments were developed to measure the Earth's shape, density and gravity field, as well as the components of the water cycle. In the 20th century, geophysical methods were developed for remote exploration of the solid Earth and the ocean, and geophysics played an essential role in the development of the theory of plate tectonics.
Geophysics is applied to societal needs, such as mineral resources, mitigation of natural hazards and environmental protection. In exploration geophysics, geophysical survey data are used to analyze potential petroleum reservoirs and mineral deposits, locate groundwater, find archaeological relics, determine the thickness of glaciers and soils, and assess sites for environmental remediation. Provided by Wikipedia
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224by P. Arneitz (Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna), B. Meurers (Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna), D. Ruess (Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying, Austria), C. Ullrich (Federal Office of Metrology and Surveying, Austria), J. Abermann (Commission for Geophysical Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences), M. Kuhn (Commission for Geophysical Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences)Get access
Published in The Cryosphere (2013)
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225by Andreas Plach (Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna), Bo M. Vinther (Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen), Kerim H. Nisancioglu (Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna), Sindhu Vudayagiri (Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen), Thomas Blunier (Centre for Ice and Climate, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen)Get access
Published in Climate of the Past (2021)
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226by Jóna Finndís Jónsdóttir, David R. Maidment, Kenneth H. Dunton, B. S. Geophysics, My Mom, Björg Bjarnadóttir, Árni Jónsson, My Sisters, Anna Margrét, My Nieces, Ásdís Björg, Lilja Dögg, Árný RúnGet access
Published 2000
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227by Bell, Robin E., Chu, Wing Yin, Kingslake, Jonathan, Das, Indrani, Tedesco, Marco, Tinto, Kirsteen J., Zappa, Christopher J., Frezzotti, Massimo, Boghosian, Alexandra, Lee, Won Sang, Columbia University. Marine Geology and GeophysicsGet access
Published 2017
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229by Integrated Ocean Drilling Program, and Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A and M University, 1000 Discovery Drive, College Station, TX 77845, USA ( host institution ), Malone, Mitchell J, Martin, Jonathan B, Schönfeld, Joachim, Ninnemann, Ulysses S, Nürnburg, Dirk, White, Timothy SGet access
Published 2004
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230by Arctic Terrain Research Planning Session (1st : 1958 : Boston, Massachusetts), Hartshorn, Joseph H. (Joseph Harold), 1922- editor., Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (U.S.). Terrestrial Sciences Laboratory., Air Force Cambridge Research Center (U.S.). Geophysics Research Directorate.Get access
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231by Mutterlose, Jörg, Picollier, Marie‐Claire, Dzyuba, Oksana, Jagt, John, Picollier, Marie‐Claire; 2 La Vitonie 24160 Saint‐Pantaly‐d’Excideuil France, Dzyuba, Oksana; 3 A.A. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology & Geophysics SB RAS Novosibirsk RussiaGet access
Published in Papers in Palaeontology (2022)
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232by INTERMAGNET, Altay-Sayan Branch of Geophysical Survey of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Bureau Central de Magnétisme Terrestre, BCMT (France), Beijing Ming Tombs Geomagnetic Observatory Center, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Bogaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (Turkey), British Antarctic Survey (United Kingdom), British Geological Survey (United Kingdom), Centre de Recherche en Astronomie Astrophysique et Géophysique (Algeria), Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (Croatia), Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (Chile), École et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (France), Finnish Meteorological Institute (Finland), Fundació Observatori de l'Ebre (Spain), Geodetic and Geophysical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary), Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary (Hungary), Geological Institute of Romania (Romania), Geological Survey of Sweden (Sweden), Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Geophysical Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Geophysical Institute of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Bulagaria), Geoscience Australia (Australia), GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Germany), Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Halliburton Sperry Drilling (United States of America), Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (India), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (France), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France), Institut Polaire Français Paul Émile Victor (France), Institute of Cosmophysical Researches and Radio Wave Propagation FEB RAS (Russia), Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Institute of Geophysics of the Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (Vietnam), Institute of Geophysics, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic (Czech Republic), Institute of Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Ukraine), Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences (Poland), Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Science (Russia), Institute of the Ionosphere, National Center of Space Researches and Technologies (Kazakhstan), Instituto Geofísico del Perú (Peru), Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spain), Irish Meteorological Service (Ireland), Japan Meteorological Agency (Japan), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany), Korea Meteorological Administration (South Korea), Lanzhou Institute of Seismology of the China Earthquake Administration (China), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (Germany), National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (Ukraine), National Geophysical Research Institute (India), National Meteorological Service of Argentina (Argentina), National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark (Denmark), Natural Resources of Canada / Geological Survey of Canada (Canada)Get access
Published 2022
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234Геоинформационные технологии экспертной системы GIS-ENDDB («Базы данных природных катастроф Земли»).by Институт вычислительной математики и математической геофизики СО РАН, Институт нефтегазовой геологии и геофизики им. А. А. Трофимука СО РАН, Новосибирский государственный университет, Высший колледж информатики НГУ, Сургутский государственный университет, Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RAS, Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of SB RAS, Novosibirsk State University, Higher School of Informatics of NSU, Surgut State University, Михеева, Анна Владленовна, Дядьков, Петр Георгиевич, Марчук, Андрей Гурьевич, Егоров, Александр Алексеевич, Mikheeva, Anna Vladlenovna, Dyadkov, Petr Georgiyevich, Marchuk, Andrey Gurjevich, Egorov, Aleksandr AlekseevichGet access
Published 2016
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235by Nicole Albern (Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research—Department Troposphere Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Aiko Voigt (Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna), Joaquim G Pinto (Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research—Department Troposphere Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)Get access
Published in Environmental Research Letters (2021)
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236by Green, Robert G., Sens‐Schönfelder, Christoph, Shapiro, Nikolai, Koulakov, Ivan, Tilmann, Frederik, Dreiling, Jennifer, Luehr, Birger, Jakovlev, Andrey, Abkadyrov, Ilyas, Droznin, Dima, Gordeev, Evgeny, 2 Institut de Sciences de la Terre Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS (UMR5275) Grenoble France, 4 Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Novosibirsk Russian Federation, 1 Department of Geophysics Helmholtzzentrum Potsdam, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) Potsdam Germany, 8 Kamchatka Branch of the Geophysical Service Russian Academy of Sciences Petropavlovsk‐Kamchatsky Russian Federation, 7 Institute of Volcanology and Seismology FEB RAS Petropavlovsk‐Kamchatsky RussiaGet access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth (2020)
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237by Marzok, A., Schlegel, S., Saur, J., Roth, L., Grodent, D., Strobel, D. F., Retherford, K. D., Marzok, A.; 1 Institute of Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne Cologne Germany, Schlegel, S.; 1 Institute of Geophysics and Meteorology, University of Cologne Cologne Germany, Roth, L.; 2 School of Electrical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden, Grodent, D.; 3 Laboratoire de Physique Atmosphérique et Planétaire, STAR Institute, University of Liège Liège Belgium, Strobel, D. F.; 4 Department of Earth and Planetary Science, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA, Retherford, K. D.; 5 Southwest Research Institute San Antonio TX USAGet access
Published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets (2022)
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238by Sylvia Sullivan (Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona), Behrooz Keshtgar (Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Nicole Albern (Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Elzina Bala (Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Christoph Braun (Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Anubhav Choudhary (Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Johannes Hörner (Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna), Hilke Lentink (Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Georgios Papavasileiou (Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), Aiko Voigt (Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna)Get access
Published in Geoscientific Model Development (2023)
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239by INTERMAGNET, Altay-Sayan Branch of Geophysical Survey of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Bureau Central de Magnétisme Terrestre, BCMT (France), Beijing Ming Tombs Geomagnetic Observatory Center, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Bogaziçi University, Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (Turkey), British Antarctic Survey (United Kingdom), British Geological Survey (United Kingdom), Centre de Recherche en Astronomie Astrophysique et Géophysique (Algeria), Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (Croatia), Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (Chile), École et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (France), Finnish Meteorological Institute (Finland), Fundació Observatori de l'Ebre (Spain), Geodetic and Geophysical Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary), Geological and Geophysical Institute of Hungary (Hungary), Geological Institute of Romania (Romania), Geological Survey of Sweden (Sweden), Geophysical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Geophysical Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Geophysical Institute of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Bulagaria), Geoscience Australia (Australia), GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (Germany), Government of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Halliburton Sperry Drilling (United States of America), Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (India), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (France), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (France), Institut Polaire Français Paul Émile Victor (France), Institute of Cosmophysical Researches and Radio Wave Propagation FEB RAS (Russia), Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), Institute of Geophysics of the Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology (Vietnam), Institute of Geophysics, Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic (Czech Republic), Institute of Geophysics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Ukraine), Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences (Poland), Institute of Geophysics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics of Siberian Division of Russian Academy of Science (Russia), Institute of the Ionosphere, National Center of Space Researches and Technologies (Kazakhstan), Instituto Geofísico del Perú (Peru), Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spain), Irish Meteorological Service (Ireland), Japan Meteorological Agency (Japan), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany), Korea Meteorological Administration (South Korea), Lanzhou Institute of Seismology of the China Earthquake Administration (China), Ludwig Maximilians University Munich (Germany), National Antarctic Scientific Center, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (Ukraine), National Geophysical Research Institute (India), National Meteorological Service of Argentina (Argentina), National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark (Denmark), Natural Resources of Canada / Geological Survey of Canada (Canada), Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada (Spain), Royal Meteorological Institute (Belgium), Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia), South African National Space Agency (South Africa), Swedish Institute of Space Physics (Sweden), The Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Ltd (New Zealand), The Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Meteorology (Samoa), U.S. Geological Survey (USA), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina), University of Oulu (Finland), University of Stuttgart (Germany), Yu. G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)Get access
Published 2019
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240Evidence for ephemeral middle Eocene to early Oligocene Greenland glacial ice and pan-Arctic sea iceby Tripati, Aradhna Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA . Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, California Nanosystems Institute; Univ. of Western Brittany, Brest . European Inst. of Marine Sciences, Darby, Dennis Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA . Dept. of Ocean, Earth, and Atmospheric SciencesGet access
Published in Nature Communications (2023)
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