Gale
![James Hamilton](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Brooklyn_Museum_-_After_a_Gale--Wreckers_-_James_Hamilton_-_overall.jpg)
Other sources use minima as low as , and maxima as high as . Through 1986, the National Hurricane Center used the term “gale” to refer to winds of for coastal areas, between and . The definition is very non-standard. A common alternative definition of the maximum is .
The most common way of describing wind force is with the Beaufort scale which defines a gale as wind from to . It is an empirical measure for describing wind speed based mainly on observed sea conditions. On the original 1810 Beaufort wind force scale, there were four different "gale" designations whereas generally today there are two gale forces, 8 and 9, and a near gale 7:
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Wind force !! Original name !! Current name !! km/h !! m/s !! mph !! knots !! Mean knots !! Sea state |- | 7 || Moderate gale || Near gale || 50–61 || 14–17 || 32–38 || 28–33 || 30 || Rough |- | 8 || Fresh gale || Gale || 62–74 || 17–20 || 39–46 || 34–40 || 37 || Very Rough |- | 9 || Strong gale || Severe Gale/ Strong Gale (UK) || 75–88 || 21–24 || 47–54 || 41–47 || 44 || High |- | 10 || Whole gale || Storm || 89–102 || 25–28 || 55–63 || 48–55 || 52 || Very High |} Provided by Wikipedia
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161by Batenburg, Sietske J., Gale, Andrew S., Sprovieri, Mario, Hilgen, Frederik J., Thibault, Nicolas, Boussaha, Myriam, Orue-Etxebarria, XabierGet access
Published 2016
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162by Tollit, D.J., Heaslip, Susan Gale, Zeppelin, T.K., Joy, R., Call, K.A., Trites, A.W.Get access
Published 2004
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163by W. J. Kennedy, A. S. Gale, B. T. Huber, P. Bown, H. C. Jenkyns, M.R. Petrizzo, A. BarchettaContributors: “...A.S. Gale...”
Published in Cretaceous Research (2014)
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164by Paredes, E., Adams, S.L., Gale, S.L., McGowan, L.T., Smith, J.F., Tervit, H.RGet access
Published in Cryobiology (2011)
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166by Tollit, D.J., Heaslip, Susan Gale, Zeppelin, T.K., Joy, R., Call, K.A., Trites, A.W.Get access
Published 2004
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167by Bouzouggar, A, Barton, R, Blockley, S, Bronk-Ramsey, C, Collcutt, S, Gale, R, Higham, T, Humphrey, L, Parfitt, S, Turner, E, Ward, SGet access
Published in African Archaeological Review (2016)
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168by Bouzouggar, A, Barton, R, Blockley, S, Ramsey, C, Collcutt, SN, Gale, R, Higham, T, Humphrey, LT, Parfitt, S, Turner, E, Ward, SGet access
Published in African Archaeological Review (2016)
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169by Gale, Andrew S., Hancock, Jake M., Kennedy, W. James, Petrizzo, Maria Rose, Lees, Jacqueline A., Walaszczyk, Ireneusz, Wray, DavidGet access
Published in Cretaceous Research (2007)
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170by Shawn D Gale, Lance D Erickson, Evan L Thacker, Elizabeth L Mitchell, Bruce L Brown, Dawson W HedgesGet access
Published in PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2020)
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171by A. S. Gale, J. M. Hancock, W. J. Kennedy, A. J. Lees, I. Walaszczcyk, D. S. Wray, M. R. PetrizzoContributors: “...A. S. Gale...”
Published in Cretaceous Research (2008)
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172by Batenburg, Sietske J., Gale, Andy S., Sprovieri, Mario, Hilgen, Frederik J., Thibault, Nicolas Rudolph, Boussaha, Myriam, Orue-Etxebarria, XabierGet access
Published in Journal of the Geological Society (2014)
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173by A. S. Gale, P. Bown, M. Caron, J. Crampton, S. J. Crowhurst, W. J. Kennedy, D. Wray, M.R. PetrizzoContributors: “...A.S. Gale...”
Published in Cretaceous Research (2011)
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174by Oxford isotope geology laboratory, Black, L.P., Gale, N.H., Moorbath, S., Pankhurst, R.J., McGregor, V.R.Get access
Published in Earth and Planetary Science Letters (1971)
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175by Gale, Andrew S., Hancock, Jake M., Kennedy, W. James, Petrizzo, Maria Rose, Lees, Jacqueline A., Walaszczyk, Ireneusz, Wray, David S.Get access
Published in Cretaceous Research (2008)
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176by Gale, A.S., Bown, P., Caron, M., Crampton, J., Crowhurst, S.J., Kennedy, W.J., Petrizzo, M.R., Wray, D. S.Get access
Published in Cretaceous Research (2011)
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177by Oliva-Urcia, B, López-Martínez, J, Maestro, A, Gil, A, Schmid, T, Lambán, L J, Galé, C, Ubide, T, Lago, MGet access
Published in Geophysical Journal International (2021)
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178by Zacny, K., Paulsen, Gale, Mellerowicz, Boleslaw, Craft, Jack, McKay, Chris, Glass, Brian, Davila, Alfonso, Marinova, Margarita, Pollard, WayneGet access
Published in 2012 IEEE Aerospace Conference (2012)
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179by Oliva-Urcia, B., López-Martínez, J., Maestro, A., Gil, A., Schmid, T., Lambán, L.J., Galé, C., Ubide, T., Lago, M.Get access
Published in Geophysical Journal International (2021)
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180by Ramsay, B., Hirose, T., Manore, M., Falkingham, J., Gale, R., Barber, D., Shokr, M., Danielowicz, B., Gorman, B., Livingstone, C.Get access
Published in Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing (1993)
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