Gale
A gale is a strong wind; the word is typically used as a descriptor in nautical contexts. The U.S. National Weather Service defines a gale as sustained surface wind moving at a speed between . Forecasters typically issue gale warnings when winds of this strength are expected. In the United States, a gale warning is specifically a maritime warning; the land-based equivalent in National Weather Service warning products is a wind advisory.Other sources use minima as low as , and maxima as high as . Through 1986, the National Hurricane Center used the term “gale” to refer to winds of for coastal areas, between and . The definition is very non-standard. A common alternative definition of the maximum is .
The most common way of describing wind force is with the Beaufort scale which defines a gale as wind from to . It is an empirical measure for describing wind speed based mainly on observed sea conditions. On the original 1810 Beaufort wind force scale, there were four different "gale" designations whereas generally today there are two gale forces, 8 and 9, and a near gale 7:
{| class="wikitable" |- ! Wind force !! Original name !! Current name !! km/h !! m/s !! mph !! knots !! Mean knots !! Sea state |- | 7 || Moderate gale || Near gale || 50–61 || 14–17 || 32–38 || 28–33 || 30 || Rough |- | 8 || Fresh gale || Gale || 62–74 || 17–20 || 39–46 || 34–40 || 37 || Very Rough |- | 9 || Strong gale || Severe Gale/ Strong Gale (UK) || 75–88 || 21–24 || 47–54 || 41–47 || 44 || High |- | 10 || Whole gale || Storm || 89–102 || 25–28 || 55–63 || 48–55 || 52 || Very High |} Provided by Wikipedia
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141Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium bowmanii DSM 14206 T , Isolated from an Antarctic Microbial Matby Palevich, Faith P., Palevich, Nikola, Maclean, Paul H., Altermann, Eric, Mills, John, Brightwell, GaleGet access
Published in Microbiology Resource Announcements (2022)
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142Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium bowmanii DSM 14206(T), Isolated from an Antarctic Microbial Matby Palevich, Faith P., Palevich, Nikola, Maclean, Paul H., Altermann, Eric, Mills, John, Brightwell, GaleGet access
Published in Microbiology Resource Announcements (2022)
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143by Stephen C. Gale, Jo Ann Peters, LaDonna Allen, Robert Creath, Viktor Y. DombrovskiyGet access
Published in Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases (2016)
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144by Gale, A.S., Huggett, J.M., Pälike, H., Laurie, E., Hailwood, E.A., Hardenbol, J.Get access
Published in Journal of the Geological Society (2006)
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145by Gale, Luka, Rigaud, Sylvain, Gennari, Valerio, Blau, Joachim, Rettori, Roberto, Martini, Rossana, Gaetani, MaurizioGet access
Published in Global and Planetary Change (2020)
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146by MOORBATH, S., O'NIONS, R. K., PANKHURST, R. J., GALE, N. H., McGREGOR, V. R.Get access
Published in Nature Physical Science (1972)
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147by Gale, AS, Bown, P, Caron, M, Crampton, J, Crowhurst, SJ, Kennedy, WJ, Petrizzo, MR, Wray, DSGet access
Published 2011
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148by Gale, A, Bown, P, Caron, M, Crampton, J, Crowhurst, S, Kennedy, W, Petrizzo, MR, Wray, DGet access
Published in Cretaceous Research (2016)
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149by Gale, A, Bown, P, Caron, M, Crampton, J, Crowhurst, S, Kennedy, W, Petrizzo, MR, Wray, DGet access
Published in Cretaceous Research (2016)
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150by Gale, Andy, Bown, P., Caron, M., Crampton, J., Crowhurst, S., Kennedy, W., Petrizzo, M., Wray, D.Get access
Published in Cretaceous Research (2010)
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151by Gale, P., Goddard, A., Breed, A. C., Irvine, R. M., Kelly, L., Snary, E. L.Get access
Published in Journal of Applied Microbiology (2014)
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152by J. M. Kennedy, A. S. Gale, B. T. Huber, M. R. Petrizzo, P. Bown, H. C. JenkynsContributors: “...A.S. Gale...”
Published in Episodes (2017)
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155by Batenburg, S. J., Gale, A. S., Sprovieri, M., Hilgen, F. J., Thibault, N., Boussaha, M., Orue-etxebarria, X.Get access
Published in Journal of the Geological Society (2014)
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156by Kenny, Tiff-Annie, MacLean, Jullian, Gale, Patrick, Keats, Susan, Chan, Hing Man, Wesche, Sonia D.Get access
Published in Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition (2018)
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157by MR Donaldson, Timothy Clark, SG Hinch, SJ Cooke, DA Patterson, MK Gale, PB Frappell, AP FarrellGet access
Published 2010
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158by Kennedy, W. J., Gale, A. S., Huber, Brian T., Petrizzo, M. R., Bown, P., Barchetta, A., Jenkyns, H. C.Get access
Published in Cretaceous Research (2014)
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159by Sietske J. Batenburg, Andrew S. Gale, Mario Sprovieri, Frederik J. Hilgen, Nicolas Thibault, Myriam Boussaha, Xabier Orue-EtxebarriaGet access
Published 2016
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160by Batenburg, Sietske J., Gale, Andrew S., Sprovieri, Mario, Hilgen, Frederik J., Thibault, Nicolas, Boussaha, Myriam, Orue-Etxebarria, XabierGet access
Published 2016
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